1、1强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。强调常见的表现形式如下： 一、强调句型为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who) 表示强调的 it 在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人， that 和who 都可用。如： Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 强调主语：It was I that (or
2、: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 另外，还要注意下面几点：1）在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：It is I who a
3、m a teacher.2）即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：It is they who often help me with my lessons.3）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用 when，where，why 或 how ，而要用 that 。如：It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. It was the
4、 house that the murder happened.4）在强调 not until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型： It is(was) not until .that. 注意此时原句的 notuntil 要变成 not until ， that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如： My father didnt come home until 12 oclock last night. It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.I didnt realiz
5、e she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 5）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用 It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用 It was that(who) 6）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that 后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。
6、如：Did this happen in Beijing?Was it in Beijing that this happened?7）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is (was) it that.? “ 如：Where were you born?Where was it that you were born?8）强调句型容易和句型 It is/was+名词+that 名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词 It is (was) that(who) 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整 的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的 It is/wa
7、sthat 是不可去掉的，否则 that 前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉 It is/wasthat 就不再完整： It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.强调句型还容易跟 It is/was+形容词+that 名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain)that . 该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 ”清楚( 显然, 真的, 肯定)
8、”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.9)强调句可以用作宾语从句。如：He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.I really cant remember where it was that I first met the man.210）强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was 变成“情
9、态动词+be”。如：It may be my bike that he is riding.It must have been the manager that spoke to you.11）与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如：Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!12）被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如
10、：Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?It was in the school, where（or：in which） I once studied, that we hold a party.Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?二、用助动词 do 或其变化形式 does，did 来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实 ”
11、。如：He did send you a letter last week. Were pleased that she does intend to come. Do write to me when you get there 三、用倒装句来加强语气。如：Only in this way can we solve this problem Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. In front of the far
12、mhouse there sat a little boy. 四、用形容词, 副词或者否定词 very, never, ever, even, still , single，simply, just ,only, too 等来表示强调。如： At that very monent he heard a cry for help. I cant even remember the name of that old friend of mine. Not a single person has been in the office this afternoonYou are the only pe
13、rson here who can speak ChineseThis is just what I wanted五、用 what 引导的名词性从句或 wh-疑问词+ever 构成的复合词引导的状语从句来强调从句中的主语，宾语或状语等。如： What Mary does every day is to give piano lessons. Whenever you come to me, you can come right in.六、反复使用同一个词来加强语气 ，可反复使用词的一般是动词， 副词，形容词和名词。如： He worked (and) worked until late at
14、night. They walked for miles and milesIll never, never forget you. 七、 用 “at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”， “by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。如： Where in the world did you go just now ? What on eart
15、h are you doing? Shes not in the least angry with me. The clerk is not at all fit for the post. 八、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。如：How interesting a story it is！九、 用反身代词表示强调 。如：I myself will see her off at the station You can do it well yourself 十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work
