1、1初中英语被动语态一语态概述1.语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。2.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。3.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式， 只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 “被“ 、 “受“、 “给“等词来表示被动意义。 如： He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。 （主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。 （被动语态） 4.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行
2、为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词“构成。be 有人称、数和时态的变化。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisare spoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been +
3、 spoken含有情态动词的被动语态2含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词“ 构成原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to“ 仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. It should be done at once三.被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected ch
4、airman.他被选为主席。 2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词.“句型。
5、It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that“句型还有 It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说 It is believed that大家相信 3It is suggested that有人建议四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1. (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词)
6、 (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.（主动） He was laughed at by all people.（被动）They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. （主动） A tree was cut down by him. （被动）2、主动语态变为被动
7、语态的注意事项： 1)、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell 等。下列动词没有被动式：happen， cost，take，have An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 This book sells well.这本书畅销。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；把直接宾语改为主动语
8、态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词 to 或 for。如： a. He gave the boy an appleThe boy was given an apple （或 An apple was given to the boy ） 4b. Her father bought her a presentShe was bought a present by her father （或 A present was bought for her by her father ） 3）不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加 to。如： They watched
9、the children sing that morningThe children were watched to sing that morning 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao WangHe is called Xiao Wang He cut his hair shortHis hair was cut short They told him to help meHe was told to help me 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或
10、副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young treesThe young trees must be taken good care of 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用 it 作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有 know，say，believe，find ，think ，report 等。如： People believe that he is illIt is believed that he is ill （或：He is believed to be ill ）
11、3被动语态改为主动语态的方法： a. 被动语态中介词 by 后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语 b. 按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的 to 去掉。5c. 被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people The people make history 初中英语被动语态用法小结1一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many pe
12、ople speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amis/are spoken一般过去时：was werespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：
13、amis are beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas been spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken6三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是
14、迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.The
15、y make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.7A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后 “to”仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
