1、Oracle 常用视图一、 Oracle 常用数据字典表 1、 查看当前用户的缺省表空间SQLselect username,default_tablespace from user_users; 2、 查看当前用户的角色SQLselect * from user_role_privs;3、 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限SQLselect * from user_sys_privs;SQLselect * from user_tab_privs;4、 查看用户下所有的表SQLselect * from user_tables;5、 查看用户下所有的表的列属性SQLselect * from
2、 USER_TAB_COLUMNS where table_name=:table_Name;6、 显示用户信息(所属表空间 )select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespacefrom dba_userswhere username = GAME;7、 显示当前会话所具有的权限SQLselect * from session_privs;8、 显示指定用户所具有的系统权限SQLselect * from dba_sys_privs where grantee=GAME;9、 显示特权用户select * from v$pwfile_users;10
3、、 显示用户信息(所属表空间 )select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username=GAME;11、 显示用户的 PROFILEselect profile from dba_users where username=GAME;二、 表1、 查看用户下所有的表SQLselect * from user_tables;2、 查看名称包含 log 字符的表SQLselect object_name,object_id from user_objectswhere instr(object_name
4、,LOG)0;3、 查看某表的创建时间SQLselect object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper(4、 查看某表的大小SQLselect sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as “size(M)“ from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper(5、 查看放在 Oracle 的内存区里的表SQLselect table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,Y)0;三、 索引1、 查看索引个数和类别SQLse
5、lect index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;2、 查看索引被索引的字段SQLselect * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper(3、 查看索引的大小SQLselect sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as “size(M)“ from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper(四、 序列号1、 查看序列号，last_number 是当前值SQLselect * from user_se
6、quences;五、 视图1、 查看视图的名称SQLselect view_name from user_views;2、 查看创建视图的 select 语句SQLset view_name,text_length from user_views;SQLset long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的 text_length 值设定 set long 的大小SQLselect text from user_views where view_name=upper(六、 同义词1、 查看同义词的名称SQLselect * from user_synonyms;七、 约束条件1、 查看某表的约束条
7、件SQLselect constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_namefrom user_constraints where table_name = upper(SQLselect c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_namefrom user_constraints c,user_cons_columns ccwhere c.owner = upper(八、 存储函数和过程1、 查看函数和过程的状态SQLselect object_name,sta
8、tus from user_objects where object_type=FUNCTION;SQLselect object_name,status from user_objects where object_type=PROCEDURE;2、 查看函数和过程的源代码SQLselect text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper(九、 常用的数据字典：dba_data_files:通常用来查询关于数据库文件的信息dba_db_links:包括数据库中的所有数据库链路，也就是 databaselinks。dba_extents
9、:数据库中所有分区的信息dba_free_space:所有表空间中的自由分区dba_indexs:关于数据库中所有索引的描述dba_ind_columns:在所有表及聚集上压缩索引的列dba_objects:数据库中所有的对象dba_rollback_segs:回滚段的描述dba_segments:所有数据库段分段的存储空间dba_synonyms:关于同义词的信息查询dba_tables:数据库中所有数据表的描述dba_tabespaces:关于表空间的信息dba_tab_columns:所有表描述、视图以及聚集的列dba_tab_grants/privs:对象所授予的权限dba_ts_qu
10、otas:所有用户表空间限额dba_users:关于数据的所有用户的信息dba_views:数据库中所有视图的文本十、 常用的动态性能视图：v$datafile：数据库使用的数据文件信息v$librarycache：共享池中 SQL 语句的管理信息v$lock：通过访问数据库会话，设置对象锁的所有信息v$log：从控制文件中提取有关重做日志组的信息v$logfile 有关实例重置日志组文件名及其位置的信息v$parameter：初始化参数文件中所有项的值v$process：当前进程的信息v$rollname：回滚段信息v$rollstat：联机回滚段统计信息v$rowcache：内存中数据字典
11、活动/ 性能信息v$session:有关会话的信息v$sesstat：在 v$session 中报告当前会话的统计信息v$sqlarea：共享池中使用当前光标的统计信息，光标是一块内存区域，有 Oracle 处理 SQL语句时打开。v$statname：在 v$sesstat 中报告各个统计的含义v$sysstat：基于当前操作会话进行的系统统计v$waitstat：出现一个以上会话访问数据库的数据时的详细情况。当有一个以上的会话访问同一信息时，可出现等待情况。总结了一下这些，彻底区别了视图与数据字典，也不那么容易混淆。嘿嘿!十一、 常用 SQL 查询：1、查看表空间的名称及大小select
12、t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024),0) ts_sizefrom dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files dwhere t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_namegroup by t.tablespace_name;2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablesp
13、ace_name;3、查看回滚段名称及大小select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtentFrom dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat vWhere r.segment_id = v.usn(+)order by segment_name;4、查看控制文件select name from v$controlfile;5、查看日
14、志文件select member from v$logfile;6、查看表空间的使用情况select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES “% USED“,(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES “% FREE“FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SY
15、S.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE CWHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 7、查看数据库库对象select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;8、查看数据库的版本 Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PR
16、ODUCT,1,6)=Oracle;9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 10、捕捉运行很久的 SQLcolumn username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) | % as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longop
17、s , v$sql where time_remaining SYS order by o.owner, o.object_name17。查看等待（wait ）情况SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN (db block gets, consistent gets) group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count18。查看 sga 情
18、况SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC19。查看 catched objectSELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache20。查看 V$SQLAREASELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_
19、VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA21。查看 object 分类数量select decode (o.type#,1,INDEX , 2,TABLE , 3 , CLUSTER , 4, VIEW , 5 , SYNONYM , 6 , SEQUENCE , OTHER ) objec
20、t_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,INDEX , 2,TABLE , 3 , CLUSTER , 4, VIEW , 5 , SYNONYM , 6 , SEQUENCE , OTHER ) union select COLUMN , count(*) from sys.col$ union select DB LINK , count(*) from 22。按用户查看 object 种类select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.
21、type#, 1, 1, NULL) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6
22、, NULL, 1) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# = 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and u.name | address sql_address,N status from v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)2）根据 v.sid 查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select n.name, v.value, n.class,n.statistic# from v$statname n, v
23、$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#3）根据 sid 查看对应连接正在运行的 sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing
24、, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time, | address sql_address,N status from v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)24查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name “表空间名称“,100-round(n
25、vl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) “占用率(%)“,round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) “容量(M)“,round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) “空闲(M)“,round(a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) “使用 (M)“,Largest “最大扩展段(M)“,to_char(sysdate,yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss) “采样时间“ from (select f.tablespace_name,sum(
26、f.bytes) bytes_alloc,sum(decode(f.autoextensible,YES,f.maxbytes,NO,f.bytes) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a,(select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b,(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,ts.name tablespac
27、e_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name25. 查询表空间的碎片程度 select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_fr
28、ee_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)10; alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused; create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,free space segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block
29、_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; select * from ts_blocks_v; select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行select inst_name from v$active_instances;/取得服务器的 IP 地址select utl_inaddr.get_host_address from dual/取得客户端的 IP 地址select sys_context(userenv,host),sys_context(userenv,ip_address) from dual
