1、1右舷 左舷 露天甲板 干舷 船艏 性能 横梁 角钢.腹板 尾楼 腐蚀 船厂 底漆 钢材预处理 除锈 船坞 水线 驾驶室 横梁 货物 腹板 浮性 抗沉性 舵 焊接 切割 workmanship platform fresh water shot-blasting berth CCS rule load line markgas cutting center girder forecastle the total longitudinal strength bottom draftcontainer ship anchor chain shipowner shot-blasting the bl
2、ock coefficient side plateair-tight test bracket center girder forecastle the total longitudinal strengthdraught gravity launching目前最主要的三种运送货物的船舶形式为散货船、油船和客船。有两种方法可以用来提高船舶的速度，即减小船舶阻力和增加主机功率。船舶的总长指的是船舶从首部到尾部的最大距离。船舶的排水量可以粗略的分为空载排水量和满载排水量。垂线间长指船舶首尾垂线间的水平距离。外板是船舶的基本结构之一，它起到保证船舶浮性的作用。One of the basic st
3、ructures in hull construction is the shell structure which ensures vessel floatability.Stability is，of course，of great importance to shipbuilding since its failure will always lead to heavy loss of life.Hatch covers are used to make the cargo hatch watertight, to protect the cargo and to stiffen the
4、 structure of the hatch opening. Plate and section received from the steel mill are shot-blasted to remove scale， primed with a temporary protective paint and finally straightened by rolls to remove any curvature.In common with all machinery a ship requires regular overhaul and maintenance.The corro
5、sion of metals is a universal phenomena in the shipbuilding industryThe length BP is the horizontal distance between the two perpendiculars，i.e. stern and stem.The deck of a ship is the horizontal platform which completes the enclosure of the hull.Floodability states the ability for a vessel to keep
6、 afloat with sufficient floatability，stability and other sea-keeping performance in case one or several compartments are flooded. Should sea damage take place, reserve buoyancy would be the principal condition to keep a vessel afloat. With the help of the watertight bulkheads and decks which separat
7、e the inside of hull into a number of compartments and spaces, reserve buoyancy enough is to be retain so that the intake of sea water may be confined to the damaged compartment without water pouring into the adjacent compartments.2The deck of a ship is the horizontal platform which completes the en
8、sure of the hull. It must provide a solid working platform capable of supporting any loads resting upon it，and also a watertight top cover to the hull structure. The deck with its various forms of stiffening and its plating provides a considerable contribution to the strength of the ship. Where the
9、deck is pierced by hatches，special coamings or surrounds to the openings must be provided. These large openings require special compensation to offset the effect on the structural strength of the ship.A typical machine will first water-wash then heat-dry the plates before descaling. The plates are t
10、hen simultaneously shot-blasted both sides with metallic abrasive. The plate is fed in horizontally at speeds of up to 5m/min，and around 300t/h of shot are projected on to it. Blowers and suction devices remove the shot which is cleaned and recycled. The clean plates are immediately covered with a c
11、oat of priming paint and dried in an automatic spraying machine. A thickness of about 1mm of compatible priming paint is applied to avoid problems with fillet welds on to the plating.In respect of the fire-fighting system ,there exists a few different types.First,the water fire-fighting system that
12、is mostly applied to deck, platform, superstructure and weather posts; secondly, the steam fire-fighting system that is generally taken for an oil tanker to put out the fire by reducing the oxygen content in the air through spraying saturated（饱和的）steam into the flame; thirdly, the CO2 or inert gas f
13、ire-fighting system that widely used in enclosed compartments to extinguish the fire caused by oil or electricity; fourthly, the foam fire-fighting system that has found a wide application as well mainly by isolating the ambient air; last of all, the halogen(卤素)fire-fighting system has been developed in recent years，the code of which is 1211 system. This system can stop a chain reaction of combustion，which possesses a series of advantages and so tends to take the place of the CO2 fire-fighting system.
