1、动词不定式和动名词的区别 作主语动词不定式和动名词作主语均为单数。不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作 ,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如: Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如: Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, a
2、sk, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 等,这些词大部分可接 that 引导的从句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to
3、 start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式 ,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do 句式.如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor.= He feels that its
4、his duty to help the poor. 介词 but, except, besides +to do(do) 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词 do,后面应接不带 to的不定式;如无 do,则接 to 不定式,即带 do 不带 to, 带 to 不带 do.如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay,
5、 enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, dont mind, give up, insist, on, put off 等.如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday ce
6、lebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech 动名词前的介词有时可以省略 ,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing 等. 部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, lo
7、ve, need, require, want 等. 在 need, require, want 后接-ing 形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like 接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为. 在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: hate, like, love 前有 would(should)时,如:Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词 begin, continue, sta
8、rt 等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. begin, continue, start 与 know, understand 等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what was happening. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit 等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Our
9、teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用. forget, remember, regret 后接不定式 ,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如: Dont forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a
10、 letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 doing 试着做某事 You should try to over
11、come your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事( 不定式作目的状语 ) doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 to do 不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news. S
12、orry I have lots of work to do. So I cant help to make up the room for you. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势. Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world. leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语) doing 停下某事 Its time to lea
13、ve off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三,做表语 1. 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为. To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时 ,其含义一是条件,一是
14、结果(例).当主语是 aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组(例)时,或以 what 引导的名词性分句(例),不定 式说明主语的内容. Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper. The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting. 句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如 Serving the people is out work, 而句中是现在分词作 表
15、语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来. 四,作定语 不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如: The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister Do you have anything to say on the question Would you please give me some paper to write on My wish to visit France has
16、 come true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作 (例 ). (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例). (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 ,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例). (4)不定式作定语时 ,一般可转换为定语从句 ,例to arrive=that will arrive. 动名词作定语 This passage can be used as listening materials. The rea
17、ding room of our school library can hold 800people. All moving bodies have energy. 句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来 的; 第句为现在分词作定语 ,单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五,不定式作补足语 作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相对完整. 未完，详见 http:/
