1、word stress (单词重音),Word stress: the relative degree of force/intensity/loudness in pronunciation of different syllables of a word of more than one syllable. Degrees of word stress primary stress: the strong intensity on the most important syllable (stressed syllable); marked “ secondary stress: a le
2、ss strong intensity on the next most important syllable; marked % weak/zero stress: any syllable that receives no stress/intensity/loudness (unstressed syllable); unmarkede.g. %polari“zation / %pUlraI“zeISn /,word stress (单词重音),How to pronounce a stressed syllable:*Lengthen it: The vowel in the stre
3、ssed syllable is relatively longer than other syllables.*Say it with a clear vowel: The stressed syllable has a full vowel, which is clearer than unstressed vowels.*Raise the pitch: The stressed syllable has a higher pitch and sounds louder/stronger than other syllables. How to pronounce a secondary
4、-stressed syllable:*Secondary-stressed syllables occur in words more than two syllables.*A secondary-stressed syllable has a full vowel which is shorter and has a lower pitch than a stressed syllable. How to pronounce an unstressed syllable:*Any vowel except / aU / and / OI / can be reduced/weakened
5、 to / / or / I / in an unstressed syllable.*An unstressed syllable is short with a low and weakened vowel.,word stress (单词重音),The stress patterns of two-element compounds and noun phrases*Compounds may be pronounced on two stress patterns:Primary stress on the first component: “saucepan, “grand%fath
6、erPrimary stress on the second component: %first- “class, %second- “hand*compound proper nouns normally have a primary stress on the second element, except for the names of streetsNew “York, United “Nations, Atlantic “Ocean, “Forest Street*In noun phrases (adj. + n.), nouns should receive primary st
7、ress:a %grand “father,word stress (单词重音),Distinctive word stress patterns / stress influence on word meaningSome two-syllable words distinguish their noun/adjective forms from their verb forms by a difference in stress patterns: the noun/adjective form has primary stress on the first syllable and th
8、e verb form has primary stress on the second syllable.“import (n.), im“port (v.)“present (n./a.), pre“sent (v.),word stress (单词重音),Practice: Listening Identifying: Listen to the following words and write down the vowel sounds of the bold letters. Example: some / V / tiresome / /1. fort _ comfort _ 2
9、. lace _ necklace _3. romance _ roman _ 4. locality _ localism _5. rite _ favourite _ 6. table _ comfortable _7. ward _ forward _ 8. fort _ effort _9. cable _ educable _ 10. late _ chocolate _ 11. progress _ production _ 12. profit _ pronounce _ 13. necessity _ necessary _ 14. protest (n.) _ protest
10、 (v.) _ 15. valid _ validity _ 16. label _ profitable _ 17. man _ Englishman _ 18. prefer _ preference _ 19. photo _ photography _ 20. full _ handful _,/O:/,/,/eI/,/ I/ /,/,/,/,/,/aI/,/I/,/eI/,/,/O:/,/,/O:/,/,/eI/,/,/eI/,/,/U/,/,/Q/,/,/e/,/I/,/U/,/,/,/,/eI/,/,/,/,/3:/,/,/U/,/,/U/,/,word stress (单词重音
11、),Practice: Read the following pairs of sentences with correct placement of stress on the underlined words. We need a permit to park there.Please permit us to park here. That sounds like an insult.Dont insult the visitors. They sell produce at the market.Cars produce a lot of smog. The two parties s
12、igned a contract.They contract the project to a building company. We have made a lot of progress.Its time to progress to the next item.,word stress (单词重音),Handle the object carefully.Do you object to the change? She got an increase in salary.They are going to increase the workers salary. Well finish
13、 the project soon.Project the slides onto the wall, please. The crowds conduct was terrifying.We are planning to conduct an experiment. Were you present when the news was announced?I presented my case to the committee. He used to frequent the towns bars and night-clubs.His visits became less frequent as time passed.,
