1、高中英语“情态动词+have+过去分词”用法详解“情 态动词+完成式“（即情态动词+have+过去分词）是高中英 语教材中经常出现的动词结构，也是高考试卷非常青睐的项目之一， 频频出现在高考试题 中。请看以下高考题：1、（07 陕西）-Where is my dictionary？ I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _ it in the wrong place.A must put B should have put C might put D might have put分析答案选 D.“你可能放错地方了“ might have done“可能
2、做过“2、（06 江西）The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A should have taken B could have takenC neednt have taken D mustnt have taken分析答案选 C.昨天天气晴好，我本不需要带伞。Neednt have done “本没必要做的，结果却做了“那么，如何掌握它的用法呢？“情 态动词+完成式“有时表示对过去或已发生事情的推测，有时表示与过去事实相反的假设以表达后悔、遗憾、责备等
3、情绪。不同的情态动词与动词完成式连用可表示不同的含义，究竟选用哪个情态动词，是推测还 是假设，需要 结合不同情态动词 的基本概念和具体的上下文语境进行分析。现将相关要点叙述如下： 一、must+完成式：表示对过去或已完成行为有把握的推测，意为：“一定过；一定已经“ ，仅用于肯定 陈述句中。例如：1） I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. （MET1989）A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been didnt提示出是过去时态，因此选择 B.2） Where is my pen？I
4、must have lost it.我的钢笔在哪？我肯定是丢了。二、can/could+完成式：1. 肯定式（could）表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为：“ 本来能够/可以“.例如：3） -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh， did you？ You _ with Barbara. （NMET1998）A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed解析： A.“本可以和 Barbara 住在一起，没必要住旅店“4） He went on foot， bu
5、t he could have gone there by bus.他走着去的，但他本可以坐汽车的。2. 否定式表示对过去情况的推测，意 为：“决不会；决不可能“.例如：5） -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. （NMET1995）A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been分析答案选 D 不可能是很舒服的。有 were 提示说
6、明发生在过去。6） My sister met him at the Grant Theatre yesterday afternoon， so he _ your lecture. （2000 上海高考）A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended分析答案选 A.不可能去听演 讲了。3. 疑问式表示对过去情况的推测或怀疑。例如：7） Can/Could they have completed their work so soon？他们能这么快
7、就完成作业了吗？8） There is no light in the room. Can/Could he have gone out？屋子没灯光。他出去了？ 三、may/might+完成式：1. 肯定式表示对过去情况的推 测，意 为：“可能已经“ ，might 表示的可能性比 may 更加微弱，口气更加委婉。例如：9） The room is dark； I think he may have gone to bed.10） You may have noticed that the afternoon sun on a winters day is low on the horizon.
8、请比较：He may not have said so.（他也 许没有这样说过。）He cant have said so.（他不可能这样说过。）2. might+完成式也可表示与 过去事实相反的假设，意为：“本来可以“. 例如：12） He _ you more help， even though he was busy. （MET1990）A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give分析答案选 A.本可以给予你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。13） Yesterday， Jane walked away from t
9、he discussion. Otherwise， she _ something she could regret later. （NMET1996）A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said分析答案选 A.walked 说明是 过去发生的，所以 选择情态动词完成式四、should/ought to+完成式：表示与 过去事实相反的假设 。肯定式表示“本来应该做而未做“，否定式表示“本来不应该做而做了“.例如：14） I told Sally how to get here， but perhaps I _ for her. （NME
10、T1994）A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out分析答案选 C.本应该给她写下来15） I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. （NMET2001）A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave分析答案选 B.本不应该不吱声就离家16） Oh，
11、Im not feeling well in the stomach， I _ so much fried chicken just now. （上海 2002）A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat分析答案选 C.本不应该吃那么多的炸 鸡五、 would+完成式：常在虚拟条件句中出现。表示与过去事实相反的假设。例如：17） -If he _， he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. （NMET1
12、993）A. was warned； would not take B. had been warned； would not have takenC. would be warned； had not taken D. would have been warned； had not taken分析答案选 B.这是与过去事 实相反的虚拟条件句。要求：ifhad done，主 语would/could/should +have done18） You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn， you _ so tired. （NMET1996）A. drove；
13、didnt get B. drove； wouldnt getC. were driving； wouldnt get D. had driven； wouldnt have got分析答案选 D.道理同上。 六、neednt+ 完成式：表示做了不必做的事情，意 为：“本不必；本不需要“.例如：19） There were plenty of time. She neednt have hurried.20） You neednt have phoned me just now.巩固练习：（从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）1） -I wonder why they
14、are late. -They _ the train.A. could miss B. might miss C. must have missed D. cant have missed2） He _ the examination _ he wasnt careful enough.A. would pass； because B. could have passed； ifC. should have passed； but D. had passed； so3） Without his help, we _ such rapid progress.A. didnt make B. d
15、ont make C. would not make D. would not have made4） There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come， but why didnt you？A. must have B. ought to have C. should D. need have5） We _ the manager， but no one _ his telephone number.A. could have called； knew B. could call； had knownC. could have called； had known D. could call； knew参考答案：1. C 肯定是没赶上火车2.C 本应该考过，但不够心细。3.D 根据句意，可知是发生的事情，因此 选择情态动词完成式4.B 本应该来，实际没来 5.A 本应该打个电话，但是没人知道号码。
