1、翻译理论与实践Translation： Theory and Practice主讲人：李 艳 教 授,Autumn 2014English - Chinese Translation Course Description Instructor (professor)： Li Yan,Introductory Remarks about the Course,. About the course 1. The importance of translation teaching With Chinas entry into WTO increasingly frequent contacts i
2、n terms of global economy and culture, more and more qualified translators and interpreters are needed to advance the course of Modernizations in this country. Translation teaching has been playing a crucial role in their training,from a college students point of view, translation is a very useful s
3、kill to graduate with.1978 (two years after the end of the disastrous “Great Culture Revolution”) China began to adopt its policy of reform and opening-up.,Translation didnt become an independent course until 1978 (two years after the end of the disastrous “Great Culture Revolution”)when China began
4、 to adopt its policy of reform and opening-up.In the past, however, the main objectives of using translation tasks in foreign language teaching had been to illustrate and explain grammatical points and drill certain constructions specially designed for this purpose. Today in China, translation is a
5、compulsory course for undergraduates in foreign language departments.,We have come to realize that the level of translation reflects the comprehensive abilities required in foreign language study including：listening, speaking,readingand writing and serves as an effective means to test a learners pra
6、ctical ability concerned.,2. The main objectives of translation course translation criteria（criterion 的复数）translation processtranslation methodstranslation techniques,basic theories,specific principles concrete techniques and skills.It is never a kind of work that anyone can casually do who knows so
7、me foreign language and depends simply upon a dictionary. Emphasis will be on practice.,.Required textbooks and reference books 1. Sun Zhili, A New Course book on English-Chinese Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003 2. Zhang Peiji etal. Textbook for Translating Engl
8、ish into Chinese. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1980 3. Cheng Zhaowei etal. A Concise Course book On Translation. National Defense Industry Press,4. Xu Jianping etal. A Practical Course of English-Chinese and Chinese English Translation. Qin Hua University Press, 2003 5. Guo Z
9、huzhang etal. A Practical Course in Translation between English and Chinese. Wu Han: Wu Han University Press, 2003 6. 陈定安，英汉比较与翻译中国对外翻译出版公司，1998,.Course Requirements Students are expected to attend all class sessions. If you are absent, a note (a written explanation) must be presented to explain the
10、 reason for the absence. When you miss classes, remember it is your responsibility to find out what you missed. If you are absent three times, please come to me and tell me the reason immediately. Assignments are due on the day announced in class. All assignments must be submitted ON TIME. Late assi
11、gnments will not be accepted. So prepare your assignments in advance. All class assignments will be written on the paper arranged by our department.,. Grading You will be evaluated on your attendance, participation in class, class assignments, and translation ability. Attendance, participation, clas
12、s assignments, translation ability 20% Final Exam80% The passing grade for this course is 60. According to university regulations make-up exams are not permitted for those who get under 60. That means those who score below 60 fail. Grades are not negotiable under any circumstances! Good English abil
13、ity is an advantage in this course, but fulfilling the requirements is the only way to achieve a high final grade. If you have problems with any aspect of this course, please do not hesitate to see me as soon as possible. Phone number: 13629116883,.Tentative syllabus Chapter 1 An Introduction to Tra
14、nslation Chapter 2 The Process of Translation Chapter 3 The Methods of Translation Chapter 4 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Chapter 5 Transformation between Parts of Speech in English-Chinese Translation Chapter 6 Translation of English passive into Chinese Chapter 7 Amplification v
15、s. Omission Chapter 8 Positive vs. Negative Expressions (Affirmation vs. Negation) Chapter 9 Breaking and Combining Sentences Chapter 10 Abstract vs. Concrete Chapter 11 Styles vs. Translation,Chapter 1 An Introduction to Translation,. About the definition 1) translating 2) a translation 3) translat
16、ion,1) translating:the process (to translate）; the activity rather than the tangible (that can be perceived by touching) object;2) a translation: the product of the process of translating (i.e. the translated text); 3) translation:the abstract concept which encompasses (include or comprise) both the
17、 process of translating and the product of that process.,Definitions quoted from some authoritative dictionaries, e.g. 1) “to turn from one language into another (The Oxford English Dictionary)”;2) “to turn into ones own or another language” (Websters Third New International Dictionary of the Englis
18、h Language); 3) “to change (speech or writing) from one language into another (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)”.,What is the common point of the three definitions mentioned above? It is “the change of one language into another”. Nidas (American translation theorist) definition:“Translati
19、ng consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style (Eugene A. Nida)” So he attaches the importance to “message”, the meaning and the style that a language conveys. So translation
20、 in its very sense is communication.,In practice, the change of one language into another is only the surface work, while the transfer of culture information ranks first in a translators job. In this sense, translation may be defined as follows:Translation is a communicative act between different la
21、nguages and cultures achieved through selecting the nearest equivalent in the target language for message units in the source language. Definition of translation in the text book:翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。,So, it has been agreed that translation involves at lea
22、st two essentials: language and culture. Therefore, the purpose of translation far more than achieving “equivalence” or “equivalence effect” is to promote cultural exchange and social progress. Linguistic exchanges between cultures are as a matter of fact, culture exchanges.,. Is Translation Easy? 1
23、) He is easily the best student in the class. (她很容易地成了班上最好的学生。) 2）The stranger robbed his wife. (那个陌生人抢了他的妻子。) 3) I cant agree more. （我不能同意更多的了。）,4) They gave the boy the lie. （他们对男孩说谎。） 5) This is a very good price. （这是一个非常好的价钱。） 6) Her mother died of difficult labor. （他母亲劳累而死。）,1) He is easily the
24、 best student in the class. 她绝对/无疑是班上最好的学生or他比班上别的学生要好得多. 2）The stranger robbed his wife. 那个陌生人抢了他妻子的钱（东西）. 3) I cant agree more. 我完全同意,or more vividly我举双手赞成.,4) They gave the boy the lie. 他们指责男孩说谎（他们指责男孩编造这个谎言）. 5) This is a very good price. 真便宜. 6) Her mother died of difficult labor. 他母亲死于难产。,.The
25、 classification of translation 1. In view of language of translation 1）Intralingual translation or rewording语内翻译 （ is an interpretation of verbal用文字的signs by means of other signs of the same language, e.g. ） 2）Interlingual translation 语际翻译 （is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other
26、 language, e.g.）,2. In view of the way of translation1）interpretation 口译2）Translation笔译,Interpretation:consecutive interpretation连续传译simultaneous interpretation同声传译 Translation,3. In view of the style of translation: literary translation non- literary translationliterary translationnovels, poems, es
27、says， plays.,non- literary translation political essays, news texts, scientific and technical texts, financial and commercial texts,practical writing.,. The standard of translation The term “standard of translation” in fact covers two aspects:the principle of translation criterion of translationIf t
28、he translator hopes to succeed in translation, he or she must follow some principles; if the reader or critic wants to judge whether the translation is successful or not, he or she has to depend on certain criterion.,Actually, the so-called principles and criteria of translation are the two sides of
29、 the same thing. The former lays emphasis on the translator who should follow them while translating; while the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate translation works.,The principle of translation: If the translator hopes to succeed in translation, he or she must foll
30、ow some principles. Criterion of translation: if the reader or critic wants to judge whether the translation is successful or not, he or she has to depend on certain criterion.,Six influential criteria accepted by most of the translators1. Yan Fu : faithfulness , expressiveness and elegance (信、达、雅/求
31、信)2. Lu Xun: rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language （宁信而不顺）,3. Fu Lei : achieve the spirit of the original or expression resemblance （神似）4. Mr. Qian Zhongshu: transfiguration or conversion” which aimed at “perfection” （化境）5. The monk Dao An: preaching according to the original with
32、out any deduction or addition （案本）,6.Alexander Fraster Tytler proposed the famous three principles in his essay on the principles of translation: the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character wi
33、th that of the original; the translation should have all the ease of original composition,Two criteria are almost unanimously accepted, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy the criterion of smoothness. By faithfulness/ accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to
34、the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. Examples in the text book P.8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that.,By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic（地道的） expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and m
35、echanical copying from dictionaries. Examples in the text book P8-10 are arranged to illustrate and explain that.,.The qualifications of a good translator,Assignments. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator? Fill in the following blanks with what you have learned in the first chapter.
36、 1. Yan Fus 3-word translation criteria are_, _, and_. 2. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _, and_. 3. The criterion of translation put forward by Lu Xun (鲁迅)is_;by Mr. Qian Zhongshu is _; by the monk Dao An is _; by Fu Lei is_ _.,(The criterion of translat
37、ion put forward by Lu Xun (鲁迅)is rather being faithful in thought than smooth in language; by Fu Lei is achieve the spirit of the original or expression resemblance; by Mr. Qian Zhongshu is transfiguration or conversion; by the monk Dao An is preaching according to the original without any deduction or addition.). Translate the passage “Life in the violin Case into Chinese” . Read the whole Chapter,
