1、Next page,直接引语与间接引语,直接引语与间接引语 （Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）,1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫,“直接引语”。,B.用自己的话转述别人的话，叫,“间接引语”。,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。,2.例如：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）,John said， “I like reading story books.”,约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）,John said that he liked reading story books。,Next page,Last
2、 page,一.陈述句（Statements）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。从句的人、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1）人称的变化他说：“我非常喜欢它。”他说他非常喜欢它。 2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。,He said， “I like it very much.”,He said that he liked it very much.,3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,时态的变化,注意：（1）直接引语如果是
3、客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound. “A friend in need is a friend indeed,”Mother said to me. Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(2) 如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterdaytomorrow等
4、时间状语也不必改变。,2.疑问句 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。 1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以家一个间接宾语（me，him，her，us ect）。 （1）He said， “are you interested in English？” He asked me if I was interested in English.（2）He said， “Did you see h
5、im last night？” He asked me whether Ihad seen him the night before。 2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。 “What can I do for you？”he asked me。 He asked me what he could do for me。,3.祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带TO的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/order someone (not)to do something如
6、果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not,如： 1)“Make sure the door is shut,”she said to her little son.She told her little son to make sure the door was shut. 2) “Dont smoke in the room,”he said to me.He told to me not to smoke in the room.,练习,e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good stude
7、nt ”.,He said that I was younger than him.,He says that Tom is a good student.,e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great
8、 Wall.,e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?”2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to ma
9、ke friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that
10、he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,
