1、1语气在英语中，随着说话人意图(看法与态度) 的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气(the Indicative Mood)陈述事实(有肯定或否定的说法，也可用疑问或感叹的方式表达)：What day is today? How hot it is today!You are very careful. She is not reading in the classroom.祈使语气(the Imperative Mood)提出请求、命令或劝告等：Let me have a look. (1) Please be careful. (2) Dont worry, i
2、ts still early.(2)Let them have their say.(3) 让他们讲话吧。虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)表示主观愿望、建议、要求、惊奇、方式和假想虚拟的情况:I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心些。If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal. 我要是你，我要重新考虑他们的建议。1） 虚拟条件句：通常表达与现在、过去或将来事实相反的假设条件，如：if 从句中的动词形式 主句中的动词形式与现在事实相反 were/一般过去时动词 would/should/c
3、ould/might + do:如：If I were you, I should make full use of time. 如果我是你，我一定会充分利用时间的。if 从句中的动词形式 主句中的动词形式与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + done:如：If he had worked carefully enough, he would not have been injured. 如果他曾经小心工作，就不会受伤。if 从句中的动词形式 主句中的动词形式与将来事实相反 should/were to 动词形式 would/sh
4、ould/could/might + do如：If I were to have another chance, I would love you for ten thousand years. 如果我再有一次机会的话，我将会爱你一万年。2) 省略 if 的虚拟条件句：虚拟条件句有时省略 if,这时 were, should, had 会被置于句首，形成倒装句。如：Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. 如果有时间，他们一定会来帮助我们的。3) 固定句式中的虚拟语气：2这部分考试的内容在选择题和填空题中都会出现。(1) 在表示
5、建议、要求、坚持等意义的动词所带的宾语从句中，如：建议suggest, propose, recommend, advise 等： I suggested that he refuse the proposal by that company. 我建议他拒绝那家公司提供的报价。要求demand, require, request, ask 等： The director required that every member in his department refer to this report. 部门主管要求其部门的每个成员都参考这个报告。命令order, demand 等： The t
6、eacher ordered that he go out the classroom. 老师命令他走出教室。坚持insist, urge, maintain 等： The boss insisted that Mr. Cooper give up his experiment.老板坚持让库伯先生立刻停止他的试验。 (2) 在 It + be + 过去分词+ that 句型中(仅限于上述表示建议、要求、命令、坚持等意义的动词的过去分词)。如：It is required that every employee come in the uniform before 8:30 am. 公司要求每个
7、员工上午 8:30 前要身着制服来。(3) 在“It is + important/necessary + that 从句”的句型中，that 引导的从句中需用should +动词原形(should 可以省略) 。可用于该结构中的同类词还有：vital, essential, natural, strange, incredible 等，如：It is quite natural that such fears should arise. 产生这样的疑虑是很自然的。此外，it is a pity (a shame, no wonder) that结构中也要求用同样的虚拟语气形式。(4) sug
8、gestion(建议), proposal(提议)等名词的同位语中：I make a suggestion that he call on the director a week later. 我建议他一周后去拜访主管。(5) lest(以防), for fear that(唯恐), in case(以防) 引导的从句中：He put his coat on for fear that he should catch a cold. 他穿上外套，惟恐着凉。(6) as if(好像), wish(希望), would rather(宁可), if only(只要) 等词引导的从句中：I didn
9、t go with them to the beach yesterday. But I do wish I had been here. 我昨天没有和他们去海滩，可是我真希望我在那儿。Frankly speaking, Id (would) rather you said nothing about it for the time being. 坦白地说，我宁愿你暂时什么也不要说。(7) Its high/about time +从句的结构中，从句动词用过去时。如：Its high time we did something to stop road accident. 该是我们采取措施阻止发生公路事故的时候了。(8) 介词短语相当于一个条件句时要用虚拟语气。比如 without, but, but for 等：But for the heavy rain we would have been there in time. 如果不是大雨，我们应该会及时到达那里的。
