1、冠词的用法冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词 (a, an)。一、 定冠词 the 的用法:1、 特指某些人或物,其意思接近指示代词 this, that,这种情况称为“特指” 。2、 前面提到的名词,再度提到时前面要用 the.There will be a video show tonight. The video show will begin at seven.3、 表示在世界上独一无二的事物,如 the sun, the moon, the earth 等。4、 定冠词 the 有时可用于单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。The horse has been replaced b
2、y the motorear.5、 定冠词还可以与某些形容词或分词连用,表示类别或抽象概念。6、 有些乐器的名称(一般指西洋乐器) ,表示单位的名词以及最高级的形容词或序数词前面要加 the。The boy is learning to play the piano.7、 在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前,如 the Yello River ,the Himlalays.8、 在含有普通名词的专有名词前,如 the Peoples Republic of China9、 某些建筑物名词前,如 the Summer Palace.10、 在报纸、杂志、旅馆、经典等名词前,如 the People
3、s Daily.11、 某些机关团体等组织名称前,如 the United Nations.12、 在姓名复数形式前,指一家人,The Wang have left for Qing dao.13、 球类前面不加定冠词 the。二、 不定冠词的用法。1、 a 用在辅音之前, an 用在元音之前。2、 不定冠词的基本用法是指人或事物的某一类,某一类人或事物中的任何一个,或指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物,这种情况称之为“泛指” 。My father is an engineer.3、 不定冠词也可用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和 差不多,如He will be back in a week o
4、r two.4、 有些物质名词或抽象名词加 a(n)可具体化,变成普通名词,表示一个具体情况或动作或某一类物质,如 Maotai is a famous Chinese liquer.Have 或 takea抽象名词,与抽象名词的动词形式同一意思,如,Let us have a talk=Let us talk.三、 冠词的省略。1、 称呼之前。Will that be wil , sir?2、 专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前。England ,Germany, peace, war, air 等。3、 季节、月份、星期几等名词前。Autumn, October,Monday 等.4、 泛指的
5、复数名词前。We are full-time workers and they are part-time workers.5、 节日、假日等名词前。New Years Day , National Day, May 等.注:但有的习惯用语中要加定冠词 the,如,the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival.6、某些习惯用语中,go by bus, play football, at home 等.冠词专项练习1、 “we had fish and chips for lunch.” “That doesnt sound .”A. very int
6、eresting lunch B. a very interesting lunchC. the more interesting lunch D. a more interesting lunch2. “Did you come by air?” “No, I came by sea, I had a lovely voyage on .”A. the Queen Elizabeth II B.Queen Elizabeth IIC.a Queen Elizabeth II D.the ship of Queen Elizabeth II3You should change your wet
7、 clothes , or youll .A. seize a cold B. seize cold D. catch cold C. catch a cold4. John usually has tea for breakfast but he sometimes has coffee .A. for change B. for the change C. for a change D. for changes5. She always looks her best in of that colour.A. dress B. that dress C. a dress D. the dre
8、ss6. They usually go away on holiday .A. one time the year B. once a year C. one time in a year D. once in a year7. “Does Li Lin like ?” “I think she does.”A. to play the piano B.to play piano C. to playing the piano C. to playing piano8. Do you mind if I turn on ?A. television B. the television C.
9、an television D. televisions9. In some countries are getting richer and richer.A. rich B. the rich C. riches D. the riches 10. Could you tell me to the railway station?A. the shortest way B. a shortest way C. that shortest way D. shortest way11. We have done enough work. Lets have .A.game B. a game
10、C. the game D. games12. May I have that is on the top shelf?A. a bread B. some bread C. loaf of bread D. the loaf of bread13. Have you ever been to ?A. the Tian,anmen Squre B.Tian,anmen SqureC. the Square of Tian,anmen D.Square Tian,anmen14. I m looking for flat. Am I on the right floor?A. the Liu s
11、 B. the Lius C. lius D. Lius15. “Talking about aports, what do you like?” “I think like .”A. football B. a football C. the football D. football game16. On Sunday, they usually go to to do some shopping.A. market square B. the market square C. square D. markets17. is one of the longest rivers in Engl
12、and.A. Thames B.The Thames C. Thames River D. The Thames18. On I often stay at home.A. New Year Day B. the New Year DayC. New Years Day D. theNew Years Day19. The earthquark happened in .A. late 1960s B. the late 1960s C. late of 1960s D. late of the 1960s20. “What do I have to do if I want to be a
13、doctor?”“Then you ought to stay .”A. medicine B. the medicine C.literature D. the literature5. - Mum, where is my CD player? - Its in white bag on your desk.A. a B. an C. the D.不填21、 What do you think of the bridge? I have never seen _ before.A. so a long one B. so long one C. such a long one D. a s
14、uch long one冠词专项练习参考答案(1)B (2)A (3)D (4)D (5)C (6)B (7)A (8)B (9)B (10)A (11)B (12)D (13)B (14)B (15)A (16)B (17)B (18)C (19)B(20)A (21)C英语代词的用法全归纳一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。二、人称代词的用法人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾语用作宾语。
15、但在口语中,当人称代词用作表语,用于 than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格 (较正式)和宾格( 较口语化)均可以。如:“Who is it?” “Its me.”“是谁呀?” “是我。 ”He sings better than me.他比我唱得好。注:单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。如:“I like English.” “Me too.”“我喜欢英语。 ”“我也喜欢。 ”三、物主代词的用法物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用 of 作定语等。如:H
16、ere is my dog. Its name is Tom.这是我的狗,它的名字叫汤姆。Is that coffee yours or hers?这咖啡是你的还是她的 ?注:可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs),但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Dot lose heart.别灰心(from )。She lost her heart to Jim.她爱上了吉姆。四、反身代词的用法反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。
17、用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如:He himself was a doctor.他本人就是一位医生。She is too young to look after herself.她太小,无法照顾自己。That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注:用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。如:Ill be myself again in no time.我一会儿就会好的。Im not quite myself these days.我近来身体不大舒服。五、相互代词的用法英语的相
18、互代词只有 each other 和 one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:Students should help one another.学生应该互相帮助。We had known each other for many years.我们认识许多年了。注:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each others, one anothers)。如:They often stay in one anothers house.他们常常在彼此的家里住(from )。另外,有人认为 each other 用于两者,one another 用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可
19、换用( 即均可用于两者或三者 )。六、指示代词的用法指示代词主要有四个,即 this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。具体使用时应注意以下几点:1. 为避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如:Our grain output is now 5 times that of 1980.我们现在的粮食产量是1980年的5倍。(that=the grain output)2.用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用 this 或 that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this 。如:I want to know this: Is
20、 she beautiful?我想知道这一点:她美吗 ?3.在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John?喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗 ?4.除用作代词外,this 和 that 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,意为 “这么” 、“那么” ,相当于 so。如:Ive done only that much.我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy?他总这么忙吗?七、疑问代词的用法1. 疑问代词即指 who, whom, whose, which, what 等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句
21、中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:What did she say?她怎么说?Which are our seats?哪些是我们的座位?What are you worrying about?你为什么事烦恼?注:who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语;what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语(from )。2. what 与 which 的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用 which;当选择的范围不明确时,用 what 。如:Which color do you like, red, black or white?红色、黑色和白色,
22、你喜欢哪种?What color is your car?你的汽车是什么颜色的?八、连接代词的用法1. 连接代词主要包括 who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等(但 who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语) ,主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如:Ask him which he wants.问他要哪一个。The question is who can help us.问题是谁能帮助我们。What he says sou
23、nds reasonable.他说的话听起来有道理。2.关系代词型 what 的用法。比较以下句子:I dont know what you like.我不知道你喜欢什么。You can get what you like.你想要什么就可得到什么。第一句中的 what 表示“什么” ;第二句中的 what 则具有关系代词的性质,相当于“先行词+关系代词” ,表示“所的一切事或东西” ,如上面第二句的 what 就相当于 everything that。顺便说一句,这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如:We gave him what (little) help we could.我们给
24、了他我们力所能及的帮助。3. whatever, whoever 与 whichever 的用法:它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,也可用于引导让步状语从句。如:Whoever comes will be welcome.任何人来都欢迎。Whatever she did was right.她做的一切都是对的。Whoever you are, you cant enter.不管你是谁,都不能进去。Whichever side wins, I shall be happy.不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。九、不定代词的用法不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类,也是高考英语中最常考的一类,同学们复习时应注
25、意以下几点:1. some 与 any。some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用 any。如:Will you lend me some money?可以借些钱给我吗?Why dont you bring some flowers?为什么不带些花来呢?2.指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如 both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如 all, any, none, every),具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如:He is blind in both
26、eyes.他双目失明。Were they all college students?他们都是大学生吗?注:each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如:There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。3. (a) few 与 (a) little。few 和 a few 后接复数名词,而 little 和 a little 后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少” ,含有否定意义;而带有不定冠词的 a f
27、ew 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有” ,含有肯定意义。如:He knew few of them.他们中间他认识的人很少。He sold only a few of the papers.他只卖出了几份报纸。He knew little about it.他对此知道得很少。There is still a little left.还剩一点点。4. all, every, each 的用法。从强调重点上看:all 强调整体地考虑总体, every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近 ),each 则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体;从用法上看:all 和each 既
28、可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接 of 短语;而 every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语;从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个” ,every 指三者或三者以上“每个” ,因此指两者时只能用 each。5. other, the other, another, others 的用法。指单数时,若泛指用 another,若特指用 the other;指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词)或 others(其后不接名词) ,若特指用 the other (后接复数名词)或 the others(其后不接名词) 。如:Show me some others
29、.再拿一些给我看。Show me another.另拿一个给我看。We should think of others.我们应该多为别人着想。Where are the other students?其他同学在哪里?注:another 后一般要单数可数名词,但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰,则也可接复数名词。如:Ive got another five minutes.我还有 5分钟(from )。6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与 nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接 of 短语,用作主语时谓语单数;而 none 既可用于指人也
30、可用于指物,其后通常接 of 短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数( 较正式)也可用复数( 用于非正式文体) 。如:No one Nobody has read it.没有人读过它。None of this milk can be used.这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the films is are worth seeing.没有一部电影值得看。7.复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no
31、 one, everything, everybody, everyone 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中 something, someone 等和 anything, anyone 等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点:(1)受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired.没有一个人很累(from )。(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性) 。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:If anybody anyone comes, ask him them to wait.要是有人来,让他等着。(3) anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接 of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。