1、1高二英语语法：状语从句讲解由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词） 、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。一、时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由 when， as， while， whenever， after， before， till （until ） ， since， once， as soon as （或 the moment
2、 ） ， by the time， no sooner than， hardly （scarcely） when， every time 等引导。e.g. When I came into the office，the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him， you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.比较 while, when, as1）as,
3、 when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）从句表示“随时间推移 “连词能用 as，不用 when 或 while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏4）When: 表示时间点，还可
4、以表原因，译作“ 既然”。还可以翻译成 “突然“5）While: 表示时间段，还可以用来表示对比 翻译成“而” 。While 放在句首要翻译成“尽管”引导让步状语从句。时间状语从句： the moment有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, every time, the first time The moment he reached the country, he started his search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded
5、me of the tour I made years before. 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。until 和 not until 的区别 Until 要与延续性动词连用； notuntil 要与非延续性动词连用1. Until 句子翻译成 动作直到时候才结束。2.Notuntil 句子要翻译成动作直到时候才开始。I slept until 12 oclock. 我睡觉睡到 12 点。We didnt get down to
6、 working until Ms Zhang came in. 我们直到张老师进来才开始认真的工作。表示 “一 就 “的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和 as soon as例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 2As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner
7、 置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.二、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是 because， since， as ， now that（既然）等.e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining， I will not go out.Now that you
8、 mention it， I do remember.比较： because, since, as 和 for 1）because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since. I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for
9、。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.3) because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。三、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是 where 和 wherever 等。e.g. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have a question.四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是 so， so that（从句谓语常有情态动词） ， in order that， in case（以防，以免）等
10、。e.g. Speak clearly， so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由 so that（从句谓语一般没有情态动词） ， so that， such that 等引导。e.g. She was ill， so that she didnt attend
11、 the meeting.3He was so excited that he could not say a word.She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.比较： so 和 such 其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flowerso
12、many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such 搭配。 ） 六、条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有 if， unless， so （as） long as， on con
13、dition that， so （as） far as， if only （ = if ） 。注意：条件从句中的 if 不能用whether 替换。e.g. If he is not in the office， he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知） ， he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that （ = if ） you dont g
14、o too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier， he could have seen her.七、让步状语从句让步状语从句可由 although， though， as， even if （though） ， however， whatever， whether or， no matter who （when， what， ） 等引导。注意：as 引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g. Though he is a child， he knows a lot.Child as he is， he
15、 knows a lot.Whatever （ = No matter what ） you say， Ill never change my mind.让步状语从句连接词 although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whetheror, no matter who (when, what, ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot=Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill nev
16、er change my mind.让步状语从句 (1) though, although 4注意： 当有 though, although 时，后面的从句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet, still nevertheless（仍然，不过）可连用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 让步状语从句 (2) as, though 引导的倒装句as
17、 / though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前） 。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do t
18、he work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。让步状语从句 (3) 3) ever if, even though. 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.让步状语从句 (4)5) “no matter +疑问词“ 或“疑问词 +后缀 ever“ No matter what happened,
19、 he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 6) 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。八、方式状语从句方式状语从句常由 as， as if （though ） ， the way， rathe
20、r than 等引导。e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.九、比较状语从句比较状语从句常用 than， so （as） as， the more the more 等引导。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is， the happier he feels.十、使用状语从句时要注
21、意的几个问题1. 在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.52. 有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是 it） ，从句的谓语又包含动词 be，就可省略从句中的“ 主语 + be”部分。e.g. When （he was） still a boy of ten， he had to work day and nigh
22、t.If （you are） asked you may come in.If （it is ） necessary Ill explain to you again.3. 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以 where 为例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone
23、is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）状语从句的省略1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可省略状语从句的主语和 be 动词。e.g.As a young man, Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.2. 当从句的主语是 it, 谓语动词是 be 动词时，可以把 it 和 be 一起省略。此时构成“连词（if， unless， when， whenever）+形容词”的结构。Though cold ，he still wore a shirt.3. If =so/not 省略句式中，用 so/not 代替上文的内容。Get up early tomorrow. If not(=If you dont get up early), you will miss the first note.
