1、直接引语改为间接引语拉丁语语法名词，又叫间接引述，英文为 indirect statement。指用在表述意见的动词 perception 之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。间接引语其实就是我们所说的第三人称转述。目录基本概念 直接和间接 如何变成间接引语 如何变句型 最新解答方式 转述句 第三人称陈述句 展开 基本概念 直接和间接 如何变成间接引语 如何变句型 最新解答方式 转述句 第三人称陈述句 展开 编辑本
2、段基本概念如：他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。 ” 直接引语 Dixere:“Augustus post mortem deum factus erit.“ 他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。间接引语 Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse. 间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格） 。如： Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。 主句动
3、词是认为：sentiunt ，时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式 liberandos esse，是将来时，因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性（阳性） 、数（复数）与间接引语的主语 servos 保持一致。 当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以使用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用的部分就称之为直接引语，反之，则称为间接引语。 这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是 interfectum esse，是不定式的完成时，表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在 fama erat 消息到来之前的；后一句的动词是 vivere， 是不定式的
4、现在时，表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。编辑本段直接和间接引述或转述别人的话称为“引语” 。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式） 。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said， “I am very sorry.” He said that he was ver
5、y sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would che
6、ck his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、反身代词、物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词
7、如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求） ，变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 （不变） 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 this that 代词 these those 时 now then 间 today that day 状 this week(month,etc.) that week(month,etc
8、.) 语 yesterday the day before the day before yesterday last week(year,etc.) two days before the week (year,etc.)before tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days) next week(year,etc) the next/folloeing week(year,etc) 注意：情态动词的时态转换 can could may might must mustha
9、d to shall should 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked
10、me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to g
11、o there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said
12、，“I havent heard from my parents these days.” He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days. She said, “He always feels tired.“ She said (that) he has always felt tired. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out.
13、2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以 when, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said， “When I was a child, I usual
14、ly played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said， “Practice makes perfect.” H
15、e said that practice makes perfect. 7）当直接引语中有情态动词 should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used t-o, need 时，如： 例如： The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.” He said that she m
16、ust be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.” He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You neednt hand in your compositions today.” The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I tak
17、e the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注：此处用 had to 代替 must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here 不必改为 there, 动词 come 不必改为 go，如果当天转述 yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon 等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? M
18、onitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 1）指示代词：these 变成 those 2）地点状语：here 变成 there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more 3）动词：come 变成 go，bring 变成 take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1）陈述句。用连词 that 引导，that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直
19、接用引语中的said, 也可用 told 来代替，注意，可以说 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monda
20、y.（不可说 told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said， “Im late because of the heavy traffic.” He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由 that 引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are
21、 not seriously ill, You will be better soon.” The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句， ）间接引语用连词 whether 或 if 引导，原主句中谓语动词 sai-d 要改为asked（me/him/us 等） ，语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）w
22、hether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用 whetheror表达，而不用 ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French
23、I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用 ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked， “Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He
24、 asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带 to 的不定式表达，谓语动词常是 ask, advise, tell, warn, orde-r, request 等。如 ask sb. to do， （由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变） ，并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said， “Be seated, please.”He asked us to be seated. “Do be
25、careful with your handwriting.” He said. He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. The teacher warned the students n
26、ot to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offer 等动词转述，如： He said, “Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest. He said, “Let me help you.” He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise s-b. to do
27、 sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door. “Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. He advised us to go out for a walk. 或 He suggested we go out for a walk. 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用 what 或 how 引导，也可用that 引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She sai
28、d what a lovely day it was. 或 She said that it was a lov-ely day. 嵌套间接引语的从句： 如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause i-n indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如： Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。 qui fugisset逃跑 是一句关系从句，修饰 mi
29、litem “士兵” ，由于处在 dicebat 说后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse将受到，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而 fugisset 逃跑为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了编辑本段如何变成间接引语“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me. “She said her brother wanted to go with her.
30、 “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?“He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。“Mr Smith said Jack was a go
31、od worker。 变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1)She said. “I have lost a pen.“She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. “We hope so.“She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend。“She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时
32、态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The te-acher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“Jack asked Joh
33、n where he was g-oing when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980。“ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning。“ He said he gets up at six eve
34、ry morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时， （例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. “You had better come have today。“ Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来” （例：now变为 then, yest-erday。变为 the day before）地点状语(
35、分具体情况） ，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼” （例：this 改为 that),如： He said, “These books are mine.“ He said those books were his.编辑本段如何变句型直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in fiv-e minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为
36、由 whether 或if 引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?“ my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I ha-d finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直
37、接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序） 。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?“ She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.“句型。如： “Dont make any noise,“ she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to m
38、ake any noi-se. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句） 。 ”如： He said, “Lets go to the film.“ He suggested going to the film.或 He suggested that they should go to s-ee the film. 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫
39、做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, “Im going to London with my father.“ 约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。“（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）编辑本段最新解答方式转述句间接引语有作转述句（或第三人称陈述句） ，就是把别人说给自己的话又说给另一个人！如： 小明对我说：“他说他要和你一起玩！就在楼下！” 改为转述句（或第三人称陈述句、间接引语）： 小明对我说，你（
40、或者是他）说你（或者是他）要和我一起玩！就在楼下！第三人称陈述句同转述句。： 间接引语有作转述句（或第三人称陈述句） ，就是把别人说给自己的话又说给另一个人！如： 小明对我说：“他说他要和你一起玩！就在楼下！” 改为转述句（或第三人称陈述句、间接引语）： 小明对我说，你（或者是他）说你（或者是他）要和我一起玩！就在楼下！1. 时态的变化规律：现在时变成过去时；过去时变成过去完成时；一般将来时变成过去将来时。2. 时间状语的变化规律：现在变过去；过去变过去的过去。如：now-then ; ago-before3. 地点状语的变化规律：近的改远的。如：here-there 4. 句式的变化规律：一
41、般疑问句要改为陈述语序，并在其前加 if/whether。如：He asked,“Do you like English?“-He asked if/ whether you liked English.特殊疑问句要变成陈述语序，如：He asked,“Where are you from?“-He asked me where I was from.另外还要注意人称的变化。跟学生说清这些规律，并加以记忆，问题应该能够解决。一、要点基本方法：“二变一不变” ，即：人称变，符号变，但原意不变。其他细节：（1）改好之后，语气是陈述语气。换句话说，改为间接引语后，句子都是句号结尾的，疑问句、反问句、
42、感叹句、祈使句都要改成陈述句。（2）改好之后，只有一句话。换句话说，改为间接引语后，原来人物说的话如果有好几句，要把中间的句号都改为逗号。（3） “对某人说”一般来说可以改为“告诉某人” ，但如果保持“对某人说”也可以。例如从阅读题绿手指里拿来的题目女儿说：“你根本不懂植物遗传学。专家都做不到的事，你这么大年纪了，怎么能做到呢？”女儿说，老奶奶根本不懂植物遗传学，专家都做不到的事，她这么大年纪了，是不能做到的。（1）前后两处引号去除（2）冒号改为逗号（3）原句中间的句号改为逗号（4）人称改掉，因为这是从阅读题里拿来的例题，联系上下文，知道“你”是指“老奶奶” 。（5）反问语气改为陈述语气如果这
43、道例题你弄懂了，那这类题目基本上难不倒你。现在我们来试试身手。1、妈妈严肃地对我说：“马上就要期末考试了，你一定要认真复习，不要辜负老师和我对你的一片期望。 ”以下两种都可以：妈妈严肃地告诉我，马上就要期末考试了，我一定要认真复习，不要辜负老师和她对我的一片期望。妈妈严肃地对我说，马上就要期末考试了，我一定要认真复习，不要辜负老师和她对我的一片期望。关键在于“你”改成“我” ， “我”改成“她” ，代词改好，句子保持愿意不变。2、熊猫问海豚：“海豚姐姐，你的身材这么好，是不是有减肥秘诀？”最佳答案：熊猫问海豚姐姐，她的身材这么好，是不是有减肥秘诀。思考过程：（1）原来的“提示语”部分“熊猫问海
44、豚”不完整，参考“说的话” ，把提示语补充完整，成为“熊猫问海豚姐姐” 。（2）既然“提示语”已经写完整了，那么原来熊猫话语中打招呼的“海豚姐姐”就可以简化为“她” 。（3）我们说过通常可以用“是否”一词来帮助把疑问语气改为陈述语气。例如：你今天去小李家玩吗？改为：你今天是否去小李家玩。但是现在句中已有“是不是” ，不必动用“是否” ，只要把问号改成句号就行。3、小明赞叹道：“香港迪士尼乐园真不错！”小明赞叹说，香港迪士尼乐园很不错。思考过程：（1）把“道”改成“说” ，使语句更通顺。（2）把“真”改成“很” ，使语气变得平和，即陈述语气。当然， “！”改成“。 ”你已经懂了吧。4、 “妈！给
45、我倒杯水！”我大声喊。我大声喊妈妈，让她给我倒杯水。思考过程：（1）把提示语放到句首。我大声喊：“妈！给我倒杯水！”（2） “提示语”缺“宾语” ，参考说话内容，知道宾语应该是“妈妈” 。（3）既然提示语已经交待清楚“我”是在对“妈妈”讲话，那说话内容中就把“妈！”省略掉，把“给我倒杯水！”这个祈使句改为陈述语气“让她给我倒杯水。 ”5、老师严肃地对小四说：“如果你不尊重自己，别人也不会尊重你。 ”老师严肃地对小四说，如果小四不尊重自己，别人也不会尊重他。老师严肃地告诉小四，如果小四不尊重自己，别人也不会尊重他。关键在于把话语中第一个“你”改为“小四” （避免产生歧义） ，第二个“你”改为“他
46、” （此时已经不可能产生歧义） 。6、壮壮问：“爸爸，我可以去小花园玩吗？”以下几种都可以壮壮问爸爸，壮壮是不是可以去小花园玩。壮壮问爸爸，壮壮是否可以去小花园玩。壮壮问爸爸，壮壮可不可以去小花园玩。关键在于：把“提示语”补充完整，把话语中打招呼的“爸爸”省略，把“我”改为“壮壮” （避免产生歧义，所以不改为“他” ） 。7、 “我怎么舍得让小白成为流浪狗呢？”小丽说。小丽说，她不舍得让“小白”成为流浪狗。关键在于：把“小丽说”放到前面，把“我”改成“她” ，去掉外层的双引号后“小白”这里的单引号恢复为双引号。8、 “对不起，我不该把你借给我的橡皮弄断。 ”我对小吴说。我向小吴道歉，说我不该把他借给我的橡皮弄断。关键在于：把“提示语”放到前面，把“我对小吴说对不起”这层意思简略地写成“我向小吴道歉” ，后半句话“你”改成“他” ，再加一个“说”字连接前后两个半句，使整句话更通顺。
