1、前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法前缀1. 表示否定意义的前缀(1) 纯否定前缀前缀 举例a-, an- asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous ( 无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir- incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n- none, neither, nevernon- nonsenseun- unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀 举例male-, mal- malf
2、unction, maladjustment (失调)mis- mistake, misleadpseudo- pseudonym (假名 ), pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀 举例de- defend, demodulation (解调)dis- disarm, disconnectun- unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀 举例anti-, ant- antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)contra-, contre-, contro- contradiction, controflow (逆流)coun
3、ter- counteraction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith- withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀 含义 举例a- 在之上、向 aboard, asideby- 附近、邻近、边侧 bypath, bypasscircum-, circu- 周围、环绕、回转 circumstance, circuitde- 在下、向下 descend, degradeen- 在内、进入 encage, enbedex-, ec-, es- 外部、外 exit, eclip
4、se, expand, exportextra- 额外 extractionfore- 在前面 forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir- 向内、在内、背于 inland, invade, inside, importinter-, intel- 在间，相互 international, interaction,intro- 向内、在内、内侧 introduce,medi-, med-, mid- 中，中间 Mediterranean, midpositionout- 在上面，在外部，在外 outline, outside, outwardover- 在上面，在
5、外部，向上 overlook, overhead, overboardpost- 向后，在后面，次 postscript (附言), postgraduatepre- 在前，在前面 prefix, preface, prepositionpro- 在前、向前 progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-在下面，下 subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplementsuper-, sur- 在之上 superficial, surface, superstructuret
6、rans- 移上，转上，在那一边 translate, transform, transoceanicunder- 在下面，下的 underline, undergroundup- 向上，向上面，在上 upward, uphold, uphill3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀 含义 举例ante-, anti- 先前，早于，预先 antecedent, anticipateex- 先、故、旧 ex-president, ex-husbandfore- 在前面、先前、前面 foreword, foretellmid-, medi- 中，中间 midnight, midsummerpost-
7、在后，后 postwarpre-, pri- 在前、事先、预先 preheat, prewar, prehistorypro- 在前、先、前 prologue (序幕), prophetre- 再一次、重新 retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀 含义 举例by- 副、次要的 byproductextra- 超越、额外 extraordinaryhyper- 超过、极度 hypersonic, hypertensionout- 超过、过分 outdo (超过), outbidover- 超过、过度、太 overeat, overdress, oversleepsub
8、-, suc- 次、低、副、亚 subeditor, subordinate, successionsuper-, sur- 超过 supernatural, superpower, surplusunder- 低劣、低下 undersize, undergrownvice- 副、次 vice-president, vice-chairman5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀 含义 举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 共同、一起 combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym- 同、共、和、类 synthesis, sympathy6.
9、 表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀 含义 举例al- 完整、完全 alone, almostover- 完全、全 overall, overflow (充满)pan- 全、总、万 panentheism (泛神论), panorama (全景、概论)7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀 含义 举例a-, ab-, abs- 分离、离开 away, apart, abstract, abstainde- 离去、除去 depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif- 分离、离开 disarm, divorceex-, e- 离开、分离 expel, exclude, expatriatefo
10、r- 离开、脱离 forgive, forgetre- 离开 release, resolvese- 分离、隔离 separate, seduce, select8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀 含义 举例dia- 通过、横过 diameter, diagramper-, pel- 通、总、遍 perfect, perform, pervade (浸透 )trans- 横过、贯通 transparent, transmit, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀前缀 举例a- arouse, ashamedad- adjoin, adhere (粘着)10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀
11、 举例be- befriend (帮助、扶助)en- enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11. 表示数量关系的前缀前缀 含义 举例mono-, mon- 单一、一 monotone, monopoly, monarchambi-, bi-, di- twi- 二、两、双 ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, di
12、ode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci- 十 decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi- 百，百分之一 hectometer, centimeterkilo- 千、千分之一 kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-万、万分之一 myriametre, megabyte, microvoltmulti-, mult-, poly- 许多、复、多数 multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-半、一半 hemispher
13、e, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12. 表示特殊意义的前缀前缀 含义 举例arch- 首位、第一的、主要的 architect, archbishopauto- 自己、独立、自动 automobile, autobiographybene- 善、福 benefiteu- 优、美好 eugenics (优生学 ), euphemismmale-, mal- 恶、不良 maltreatment, malodormacro- 大、宏大 macroscopic (宏观)magni- 大 magnificentmicro
14、- 微 microscope13. 表示术语的前缀前缀 含义 举例aud- 听、声 audiencebio- 生命、生物 biographyge- 地球、大地 geographyphon- 声、音调 phonographtele- 远离 television, telephone英语单词构词法后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀 含义 举例-an, -ian 地方的人，精通的人American, historian-al 具有职务的人 principal-ant, -ent 者 merchant, agent, servant, student-ar 的人 scholar, l
15、iar-ard, -art 做的人 coward, laggard, braggart-arian 派别/主义的人， humanitarian, vegetarian-ary 从事的人 secretary, missionary-ate 具有职责的人 candidate, graduate-ator 做的人 educator, speculator-crat 某种政体、主义的支持者 democrat, bureaucrat-ee 动作承受着 employee, examinee-eer 从事于的人 engineer, volunteer-er 从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, o
16、bserver, Londoner, villager-ese 国人，地方的人 Japanese, Cantonese-ess 阴性人称名词 actress, hostess, manageress-eur 家 amateur, litterateur-ian 地方人，信仰教的人，从事职业的人Christian, physician, musician-ician 精通者，家 electrician, magician, technician-icist 家，者，能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic 者，师 mechanic, critic-ie 爱称
17、，指小 diaries, auntie, lassie-ier 从事职业 cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina 阴性人称 heroine, ballerina-ist 从事研究者，信仰主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive 动作者，行动者 native, captive-logist 学家，研究者 biologist, geologist-or 者 author, doctor, operator-ster 做事情的人 youngerster, gamester, songster-yer 从
18、事职业者 lawyer(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀 含义 举例-acy 性质、状态、境遇 accuracy, diplomacy-age 状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al 事物的动作、过程 refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物 manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence 性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency 性
19、质、状态、行为、过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency-bility 动作、性质、状态 possibility, feasibility-craft 工艺、技巧 woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy 统治、支配 bureaucracy, democracy-cy 性质、状态、职位、级别 bankruptcy, supremacy-dom 等级、领域、状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry 行为、状态、习性 bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety 性质、状态 variety
20、, dubiety-faction, -facture 作成，化、作用 satisfaction, manufacture-hood 资格、身份、年纪、状态 childhood, falsehood-ice 行为、性质、状态 notice, justice, service-ine 带有抽象概念 medicine, discipline, famine-ing 动作的过程，结果 building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition行为的过程、结果、状况 action, solution, conclusion, destru
21、ction, expression, correction-ise 性质、状态 exercise, merchandise-ism 制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity 性质、状态、程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment 行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony 动作的结果、状态 ceremony, testimony-ness 性质、状态、程度 goodnes
22、s, kindness, tiredness-or, -our 动作、性质、状态 favor, error-osity 动作、状态 curiosity-ship 情况、性质、技巧、技能 hardship, membership, friendship及身份、职业-th 动作、性质、过程、状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude 性质、状态、程度 latitude, altitude-ure 行为、结果 exposure, pressure, failure-y 行为的结果、状态、性质 glory, history, inquiry(3) 带有场所
23、、地方的含义后缀 含义 举例-age 住所、地点 village, cottage-ary 住所、场地 library, granary-ery, -ry 工作场所、饲养地、地点 laundry, nursery, surgery-ory 工作场所、住处 factory, dormitory, laboratory(4) 表示学术、科技含义后缀 含义 举例-grapy 学，写法 biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, -ics 学，法 logic, mechanics, optics-ology 学，论 biology, zoology, technolog
24、y-nomy 学，术 astronomy, economy-ery 学科、学术 chemistry, cookery, machinery-y 学，术，法 photography, philosophy(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀 举例-age baggage, tonnage-dom newspaperdom-hood neighbourhood, womanhood-ry cavalry, ministry-ure legislature, judicature(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀 举例-ant, -ent solvent, constant-al signal
25、, pictorial-ar collar, pillar-er boiler, computer, washer, cooker-ery drapery-ing clothing, matting-ment instrument, equipment, attachment(7) 表示“细小”的意思后缀 举例-cle particle-cule molecule-el parcel-en chicken, maiden-et pocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -etto cigarette-kin napkin-ling duckling-let booklet-y b
26、aby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀 举例-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-al natural, additional, educational-an, -ane urban, suburban, republican-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent-ar similar, popular, regular-ary military, voluntary-ic, -atic, -ical politic
27、, systematic, physical-ine masculine, feminine, marine-ing moving, touching, daring-ish foolish, bookish, selfish-ive active, impressive, decisive-ory satisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eel fragile, genteel(2) 表示“相像，类似”的含义后缀 举例-ish boyish, childish-esque picturesque-like manlike, childlike-ly manly
28、, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-some troublesome, handsome-y milky, pasty(3) 表示“充分的”含义后缀 举例-ful beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous dangerous, generous, courageous, various-ent violent(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀 举例-en wooden, golden, woolen-ous gaseous-fic scientific(5) 表示方向的含义后缀 举例-ern eastern
29、, western-ward downward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义后缀 举例-ble double, treble-ple triple-fold twofold, tenfold(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义后缀 举例-teen thirteen-ty fifty-th fourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后缀 举例-an Roman, European-ese Chinese-ish English, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义后缀 举例-er greater-ish reddish, yellowish-est hi
30、ghest-most foremost, topmost(10) 其他的含义后缀 含义 举例-less 否定 countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀后缀 含义 举例-ize, -ise 做成，变成，化 modernize, mechanize, organize-en 是成为，引起，使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy 使化，使成 beautify, purify, intensify, signify-ish 使，令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish-ate 成为，处理，作用 s
31、eparate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀后缀 举例-ly possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards downward, inwards, upward-ways always, sideways-wise otherwise, clockwise英语单词构词法词根词根 含义 举例aer, ar 空气，大气 aeroplane, aerialag, act, ig 做，动作 active, agent, reactionalt 高 altitudealter, altern, altr 其他，变更 alternatebio, bi,
32、bion 生物，生命 biology, bionicsbrev, bri, brief 短 brief, abbreviation, abridgecap, capt, cept, cip 取，获 capture, except, concept, capacityced, ceed, cess 行，让步 proceed, succeed, excesscentr 中心 concentrate, eccentricclain, clam 呼喊 claim, proclaim, exclaimclos, clud 闭合 conclude, enclose, includecol, cult 耕耘
33、 colony, cultivate, agriculturecor, cord 心 cordial, record, accordcurr, cur, cour 跑，动作 current, occur, concurrencedic, dict 说，示 dictate, edit, indicate, predictdoc, doct 教 doctor, documentduc, duct 引导、传导 introduce, produce, conductfact, fac, fect, dic, dit 做，创造 factory, effect, profit, facultyfend,
34、fens 打，击 defense, offencefer 搬运，转移 ferry, transfer, deferfin, finit 终、极 final, finish, confinefirm 坚固 firm, confirm, affirmfix 固定 prefix, affixflect, flex 弯曲 flexible, reflexflor, flour, flower 花 flower, flourishform 形 uniform, formula, transform, reformforc, fort 力，强度 force, enforce, effortgen, gen
35、it 生产，发生 generate, generationgram, graph 书写，记录 telegram, diagram, photographgrad, gress, gred, gree 步，阶段 gradually, degree, progresshab, habit, hibit 保持，住 inhabit, exhibit, prohibither, hes 粘附 adhere, cohesionject, jet 抛射 project, injectjour 日，一天 journal, adjourn, journeyjug, junct 结合，连合 conjunction
36、, junctionlabour, labor 劳动，工作 labourer, elabourate, collaboratelect, leg, lig 挑选，采集 collect, select, lecturelif, liv 生活，生存 life, aliveloc 场所，位置 location, dislocatelong, leng, ling 长的 length, prolong, lingerloqu, locut 说话 colloquial, eloquentmand, mend 命令 command, demand, recommendman, manu 手，手法 mana
37、ge, manualmemor, member 记忆 memory, remember, memorialmind, ment 心 mind, remind, mentalmerc, merch 贸易 commerce, merchantmeas, mens, meter, metr测量，度量 measure, meter, diametermin 小 diminish, minoritymiss, mit 派遣，送 mission, dismiss, transmit, missilemob, mot, mov 动 movement, motion, mobile, removenect,
38、nex 捆扎 connect, disconnect, annexnot 记号，注意 note, denote, annotationonom, onym 名字 synonym, autonym, anonymouspair, par 相同，对等 compare准备 preparepel, puls 追逐 expel, impelpend, pens, poud 悬挂 depend, independent, expensephon 声音 symphony, telephone, microphoneplac 位置，场所 place, replacepeopl, popul, publ 人民，
39、民众 public, republic, popular, peopleport 搬运 export, import, deportpress 压，压制 pressure, express, oppress, impressionprob, proof, prov 实验，验证 prove, approvequer, quest, quir, quis 寻找，探问 inquiry, question, inquisitionrang, rank 排列 arrange, rankrect, right, rig 正，直 correct, direct, erectriv 河流，流远 river,
40、arrive, deriverupt 破坏，毁坏 eruption, bankrupt, corruptionsci 认识，知识 science, consciousscrib, script 书写，记录 describe, scriptsens, sent 感觉，情感 sensation, sentimentsign 标记，符号 signal, signature, designsembl, simil 相似，类似 similar, resemble, assimilatesoci 结合，社交 social, associationspec, spect, spitc, spis 看，视 i
41、nspect, spectator, conspicuousstruct 建筑，构造 structure, construct, instructtect, teg 遮蔽，掩盖 detect, protecttemp, tens 时间，时机 tense, contemporary, temporaltend, tes, tent 倾向，伸张 tendency, intension, extend, intendtest 证明，证实 testify, protest, contesttext 编织，构成 textile, texture, contexttract, trail 拖拉，吸引 at
42、tract, tractor, abstract, contracttribut 给予 contribution, distributeus, ut 用，使用 usable, utilize, abusevac, van 空，虚 vacancy, vanity, evacuatevad, vas, wad 走，去 invade, wade, evadevers, vert 旋转，反转 convert, inversion, reverse, divertvid, vis, vey, view 观看，看见 television, visible, evident, interview, surveyviv, vit 生，活 vivid, vital, survivalwar, ward 注意，保护 aware, wary, wardway 路 way, away, subway, always
