1、名词性从句,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact th
2、at the car broke down halfway.,同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, doubt, hope, law, knowledge,opinion, suggestion information, plan, 后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容.,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I hav
3、e no idea what he did.,注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分.,He told me the news that our team won the match. He told me the news that was very exciting. We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school. We are interested in
4、the news that he told us.,语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序,在名词性从句中，关联词在从句之首，其它部分应用_的语序。,陈述句,2.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay
5、 how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不缺成分，不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句中不作成分,主语从句,同谓语从句,表语从句that不可以省略,在宾语从句中that 常可省略 That he will come and help us is certain. John said (that) he would attend the meeting. The trouble is that I have forgotten her name.
6、,2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义,不缺成分。由whether，if 引导. I worry about whether/if he can pass the exam.The question is whether it is worth doing.,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.2. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.3. The question is if he himself wi
7、ll be present at the meeting.4. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He asked me whether I could go with him or not.,规律三： whether和if的区别：,主语从句只能用whe
8、ther,表语从句中只能用whether,宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时用whether,后面跟or(not)或to do连用时用 whether,3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的,缺成分的。由wh-连词或how引导在从句中作成分。连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。Who will go makes no difference. That is where he
9、 was born. Tell me what he said.,特殊情况： 1.在seem, appear后的表语从句中可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可. 2. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.,II引导词的选择,1. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.Wha
10、t , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what,2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor,3.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soonAwhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy,4 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students
11、had been admitted to key universities. AWhatbecause BWhatthatCThatwhat DThatbecause,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to
12、finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,it,that,whether,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,1.主语从句可以用it （作形式主语） 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/ adj. that It is certain that he will come to see me.(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonde
13、r/ n. that .It is a shame that he didnt pass the exam.,（C）It is said/reported/ believed/ known/ thought/suggested that It is said that Brazil will win in the World Cup.（D）It seems/happens that It seems that he has finished his homework.,2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语） 来替换的句型为： 主语谓语itadj./n.从句如： I think it necess
14、ary that we have the meeting,He will believe whatever others say.（不能用no matter what代替whatever） Whatever others say, he will believe it. （可以用no matter what代替whatever）,规律五：whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no ma
15、tter where, no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matte
16、r,3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空: The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied,reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,why,that,名词从句与定语从
17、句的一些对应系： 1. He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me. What I want to say has nothing to do with it.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 4. He will give the dictio
18、nary to whoeverneeds if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.,Anyone who,anyone who,anyone (whom),6. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read
19、 whichever book you give me. Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,anything that,any,that,巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what BWhat that Cthat Dwhether,3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or C
20、ambridge, I cant remember _. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work AWhat Beverything Csomething Danything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He doesnt think the question _ they are men or women
21、is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,7.I ask her _ come with me. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 8._ he said is true. What B. That C. Which D. Whether,9.Can you tell me _? who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gent
22、leman 10.He didnt know which room _. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in,11.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 12.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,13.Can you t
23、ell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to14.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is,15._ you have done might do harm to other people. That B. What C. Which D. This 16.They ha
24、ve no idea at all _. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone,17.They want to know _ do to help us. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 18.These photographs will show you _. what our village looks like B. what does our village lo
25、ok like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,19.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put20._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether
26、D. That,21.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. there B. where C. there where D. where there 22._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter,23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what
27、 D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,25. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 26._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Wher
28、e 27.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,28._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 29.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. how they were excited B. how
29、 excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited,30._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 31.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how,32.It was a matter of _ wo
30、uld take the position. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 33._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever,34.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what 35.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others
31、 for _ comes in late. any ; who B. every ; whoever C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever,1. 误：I dont know if he comes back this month.2. 误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.,正：I dont know if he will come back this month.,正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.,3.误：The rea
32、son is because he is ill.4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.,正：The reason is that he is ill.,正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot i
33、sacceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！ (1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原
34、形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：
35、She suggested we (should) leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should ) be operated on.,（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing is wonderful. My ide
36、a is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.,It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如： It is pity that you cant swim.,
