1、虚拟语气,定义 虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求，有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的、与事实相反的愿望。 陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。,考点 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法/倒装； 2. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 3. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 4. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。,主要形式 (1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形If I
2、 were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你的话，我就去请教老师了。 (2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去完成时 主句：would/should/could/might have+过去分词 If I hadnt taken the wrong bus, I wouldnt have missed the contest.如果我没有乘错车，我就不会不参加竞赛了。,(3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形 主句： would/sho
3、uld/could/might+动词原形 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “ The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English”.如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本现代高级英语学习词典。,if 引导的虚拟条件句,区别: If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If
4、 + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形 1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 If I were you, I would try it again. 2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If +主 +had done sth., 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done） 1.如果他努力学习的话，他就会通过这次考试了。 If he had worke
5、d hard, he would have passed the examination. 2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。 If I had married her then, I would have been unhappy.,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形 1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事。 If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 2.如果他明天来的话,
6、我会告诉他。 If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,条件状语的倒装： 如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成： Were / Should / Had +主+其他 If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would h
7、ave seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,wish引导的虚拟句,wish + that How I wish If only,did/were 现在,had done 过去,would / might /could do 将来,(1)我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address. (2)要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开） How I wish he had
8、not left. (3)要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人已预料到明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.,If only 要是就好了 = I wish （1）If only I knew his name now! （2） If only we had followed your advice last time! （3） If only I could see him again next year! （4）要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 If only our parents could live with us! （5）要是我没错过火车就好了.
9、If only I hadnt missed the train!,as if /though,区别： He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气,2. as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去： 将来 :,did /were,had done,would+动词原形,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. He speaks as if h
10、e had been to the United States.,even if/ though, wish, if only等从句的虚拟与它相同。,虚拟语气 the Subjunctive Mood,1.如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去 2.如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 3.如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在就可以
11、进行工作了。 If it hadnt been raining these days, we should be going on with the work. 从句表示过去进行，主句表示现在进行,注意: 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作、发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。,If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dan
12、gerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 （从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）,名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词,表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should) 动词原形。 (1) 建议：动词advise, suggest, propose, recommend (名词advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation) (2) 命令：名词order, command (3) 要求：动词request, require, demand, ask, insist (名词reques
13、t, requirement, demand),【注意】 (1)suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 (2)insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,I wish (that) 宾语从句(虚拟语气) (1)表示愿望与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时。 (2)表示愿望与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 (3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/might/would 动词原形。,would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气) (1)表示愿望与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时。 (2)表示愿望与过去事实相反，从句用过去完
14、成时。 注意： 名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时，从句用should 动词原形/should have done，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。,虚拟语气特殊句型,1. would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时,过去完成时,过去时,（1）I would rather you paid me now. （2） I would rather you had gone, too. （3） Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,注意: 在主语would (had) rather t
15、hat 宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如: （1）我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth. （2）我宁愿不再见到你。 Id rather I didnt see you again. （3）我倒希望他们和我一起去。 I would rather they went with me.,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 It looks as if you are tired.,2. Its (about/high) time +that ,过去时,should +v.,（1）你该走了。,Its
16、 high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,（2）我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,3. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt ha
17、ve finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,4. If only (1) 要是就好了 = I wish If only our parents could live with us! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 If only I hadnt missed the train! 要是我没错过火车就好了！ (2) = as long as 常用陈述语气. We can surely o
18、vercome these difficulties if only we are closely united.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难。,5.Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形 如： It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we
19、 should study hard.,6. otherwise 和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如： （1）The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea. （2） Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her. （3）Suppose (Supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?,7. so that 与in order that 二
20、者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can /could, etc.+动词原形 如： （1） She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. （2） She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. （3） He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.,8.用 “
21、may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！ May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”,含蓄条件句,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表现出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:,1.条件暗含在短语中。如：（1）What would I have done without you?
22、 (条件暗含在分词短语without you中) （2）It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) （3）But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help),（4）This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) （5） He mus
23、t have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含条件是连词or) （6） Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone),2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：（1）You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to) （2）We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying)（3）Your reputation
24、 would be ruined. (可能暗含if you should accept it)（4）I would appreciate a little of your time. (可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time),3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如： You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲得非常仔细，简直就像他亲眼看见一样 。,
