1、Unit 4 Global warming Period 3 Learning about Language 语法专题课 it的用法(2),【课前热身】 完成下列教材中的句子并体会各句中句型的共同特点。 _ _ human activity _ has caused this global warming.,It,is,that,_ _ a scientist called Charles Keeling, _ made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. _ _ the burnin
2、g of more and more fossil fuels _ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.,It,was,who,It,is,that,总结: 以上各句都使用了it is/was. . . that/who结构, 该 结构若去掉不影响句子的完整性, 这样的句型被称为 “_句型”。该句型中it is/was与that/who中间部分是 被强调的部分。当被强调的部分是物时, 该句型用_; 当被强调的部分是人时, 则用_。,强调,that,who或that,【课堂诠解】 . 强调句型的基本构成 It is/was+被强调部分+
3、that/who+原句剩余部分。 (1)强调句型可用于强调主语、宾语、状语和表语。 (2)被强调部分是物时, 用that; 是人时, 既可用that, 也可用who。,Tom ate an egg at home this morning. (按照要求写出下 列强调句) _ (强调主语) _(强调 宾语) _(强调 地点状语),It was Tom that/who ate an egg at home this morning.,It was an egg that Tom ate at home this morning.,It was at home that Tom ate an eg
4、g this morning.,_ (强调时间状语),It was this morning that Tom ate an egg at home.,【名师指津】 (1)如果强调的是人, 其后用that或who均可。 (2)如果强调的是物、时间或地点等状语, 其后只能用that, 而不用where, when, why。 (3)无论强调的内容是单数还是复数, it后只能用is或was, 不能用are或were。,. 强调句型的疑问句形式 1. 一般疑问句形式。 Is/Was +it +被强调部分+ that /who+其余部分? 昨天你是在公园见到汤姆的吗? (汉译英) _,Was it i
5、n the park that you met Tom yesterday?,2. 特殊疑问句形式。 特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that+其余部分? 昨天你是在哪里见到汤姆的? (汉译英) _,Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?,. 强调句型需要注意的问题 1. It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他。 此句型可以和not until置于句首的倒装句相互转换。 He did not go to bed until his mother came back. (句型 转换) It was _ _ his m
6、other _ _ that he went to bed. Not until his mother came back _ he go to bed.,not,until,came,back,did,【名师指津】对not. . . until. . . 结构进行强调时, 要用It is /was not until. . . that. . . 这一固定句型。由于not已经前移, that后面只能用肯定形式。,2. 强调句的疑问句形式在句中充当宾语从句时, 要用 陈述语序。 I wonder _ _ _ _ makes you so happy. 我想知道是什么使得你如此高兴。,what,
7、it,is,that,3. 强调句的基本句型只能强调主语、宾语和状语, 但不能强调谓语动词。若强调谓语, 则用do/does/did +动词原形, 常译为“的确”“一定”等, 该结构只能用于陈述句或祈使句中。 I _ want to go to Beijing. 我的确想去北京。 一定要耐心点! (汉译英) _,do,Do be patient!,4. 注意强调句前后的人称和时态。 It is Lily that/who _ (want)to visit you. It _ (be)they that/who helped us. It is I who/that _ (be)to blame
8、.,wants,was,am,【名师指津】强调主语时, that之后的动词人称和数要与前面被强调的名词或代词保持一致。,5. 在强调句型中, 有时也考查用rather than, not. . . but. . . 等连接的平行对比结构, 此时既要注意比较结构, 又要注意主谓一致, 属于较复杂的句式。 句式结构为: (1)It is/was not. . . but. . . that. . . ; 不是而是 (that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致),(2)It is/was. . . rather than. . . that. . . ; 是而不 是(that后的动词应与rath
9、er than前的名词或代词保 持一致) It is what you do rather than what you say _ _. 重要的是你所做的而不是你所说的。,that,matters,6. 强调句型与定语从句相结合。 若强调句型中的被强调部分含有定语从句, 注意对定语 从句引导词及强调句型中的that要做出正确的判断。 It was last spring _ they worked together _ they began to become good friends. 是在他们一起工作的去年的春天, 他们开始成为了好朋 友。,when,that,It was in the
10、school _ they had their schooling _ they had a get-together again twenty years later. 在他们曾接受学校教育的学校里, 他们20年后又聚在 了一起。,where,that,【名师指津】判断强调句型的技巧强调句式结构去掉it be和that, 还原后是一个完整的非强调的句式。也就是说, 强调句中的it和that都没有具体的词义, 这和定语从句不同, 定语从句中的it是指示代词, that和其他引导词都要在定语从句中作成分。,试比较下面的句子: a. It was the house that Lu Xun was born in. b. It was in the house that Lu Xun was born. 句_是定语从句, that在从句中作宾语。句子可译 为: _。 句_是强调句, 去掉强调句式后, 句子变为: _ _,a,这就是鲁迅出生的房屋,b,Lu,Xun was born in the house.,【课堂小结】 1. 强调句的基本结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的剩余部分。 2. 强调人时引导词可以用that或who, 强调的不是人时, 只能用that。 3. 强调主语时, 句子剩余部分的谓语动词在人称与数上与被强调的主语保持一致。,
