1、揭开高考英语单项填空的神秘面纱高考单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。1.句子结构还原法英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：1）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句(1) What great difficulty we had_ her! A. persuade B.
2、 to persuade C. persuading D. persuaded 分析：C。易选 D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty_ her.由 have difficulty(in) doing sth.知 C 项符合条件。(2) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002 上海春招)A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explai
3、ned分析：A。易选 D，考生依据常见搭配 the reason why；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语序，即：this is the reason_ at the meeting .。he explained 前省略了一个 that，that引导的是一个定语从句。 2）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序(3) Mary thought that it was_ that Jane did her to lend her the beautiful car. A. possible B. kind C. necessary D. a favor 分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换
4、为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her_ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor 是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个忙”,由此可以确定 D 为正确答案 (4)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008 江苏卷）A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正
5、常语序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选 A。3）将省略句还原为完整句省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。(5)Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chine
6、se Society. （全国 I 卷）A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined分析：D。该题考查 since 时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为： Yes, I have known since she _ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since 的从句常用一般过去时。(4) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.(2000 春季招生)A. the other is white B. another white C.
7、 the other white D. another is white分析：C。易选 A 或 D 两项。C 项补充完整应是 the other should be painted white。A 项中少了 painted，B 及 D 项中不能用 another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用 the other。(5) When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 全国卷)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introdu
8、ced分析：B。将从句补充完整应为： When they were first introduced to the market。D 项为进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。4）将冗长题干还原为简单题干命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。(6) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004 上海春招)A. as B. whi
9、ch C. what D. that分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语 I thought 可以舍去不看，at 后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填 what。What 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D 项 that在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。(7) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2000全国卷）A. carry out B. carrying out C. to carry out D. carried out分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句 : T
10、he managers discussed the plan. 和 They would like to see the plan_ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动意义,从而可以判断出 C 项为正确答案 5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干The teacher said time should be made good use of _ our lessons well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned分析：C。考生易选 A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：T
11、he teacher said we should make good use of time _ our lessons well.很明显空白处所填应表示目的。2.语境分析法语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。(1) Could I ask you a rather personal question?Sure, _. (2008 全国卷 II)A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good
12、 idea D. forget it分析：B。由答语 sure 推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead 这里意为“问吧” 。(2) Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.Good evening. _? （2008 安徽卷）A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like, pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for you D. Who is that speaking, please分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan H
13、otel.是旅馆前台人员的回答，故应排除 B、C 两项。由第一句可知，后者应试电话者，故只能是咨询 “是否有房间？”因而 A 项符合语境。 D 项与宾馆无关。(3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked分析：B。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作 ,过去分词表示完成被动的动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作从语境“倘若厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟,他将马上被开除”可知,选项 B 为正确答案 3. 标点暗示法标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之
14、地。它在单选题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视，特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构时。(1) _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （2008 重庆卷）A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 分析：C。该题考查非谓语动词。由题中的逗号可知，前面应是一个非谓语动词结构而非句子，we 与 fail 形成主动关系，且 “失败”发生在“发 email”之前，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。(2) The growing speed of a plant is influence
15、d by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.（2008 湖南卷）A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 分析：B。该题考查非限制性定语从句。因为题干中逗号没有连词，所以不可能是个并列句，由此排除 A 项；又因为 what, that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选 B。4.突破思维定式法思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中，注意正确理解句意，克服思维定势才是解题的关键
16、。(1) _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.（2008 湖南卷）A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete分析：D。此题考生易选 A。究其原因，他们认为 complete 和 we 形成主动关系，故而用现在分词结构，却不知此处是表示目的。(2) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008 福建卷）A. It B.
17、 What C. As D. Which分析：B。该题考察名词性从句。考生易选 A 或 C，误把 it 当初形式主语，或将题目看成常见的 as is known to 引导的非限制性定语从句，而没有看清前面是个主语从句且主语从句中又少主语，这里只有 what 有这个功能。(3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_ my spare time. (NMET 2001) A. from B. in C. of D. at 分析：C。很多考生误选了 B 项考生是受了 in ones spare time 这个习惯搭配的干扰而不
18、知道此处的 what little 与 my spare time 构成的是所有关系,即部分与整体的关系 5.固定搭配法固定搭配法就是根据词与词的搭配关系来找某问题答案的方法。常见的是一些特定的句型、句式和某些固定的短语搭配等。(1) It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. （2008 江苏卷）A. / but B. / or C. not or D. not but分析：D。本题考查的是固定搭配。not but 是固定词组，
19、意为“不是而是”。(2) You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建)A. for B. when C. with D. while分析：C。本题考查 with 的复合结构用法。with+名词+形容词，with 的复合结构在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其它三项均为连词，应接句子。(3) I _ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials sh
20、ould be given a fair price for their products. （2008 江西卷）A. make B. look C. take D. think分析：C。本题考查固定短语的用法。 take as “把当作” ，题中 it 做形式宾语。6.逻辑推理法有时考生需要将选项放入句中看前后的意思是否通顺，是否符合上下文逻辑，通过逻辑来选出正确答案。(1) Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _ and they won the first prize.（2008
21、 安徽卷）A. skillfully B. commonly C. willingly D. nervously分析：A。由 excellent 以及后半句的 won the first prize 推知空白处的词应该是赞扬 Ales 和Andy 的表现，具有迷惑性的 C 项表示“自愿地” ，不符合题意。A 项 skillfully 意为“技术高超地” ，符合题意。(2) In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. (2008 四川卷)A. but B.
22、 while C. because D. though分析：B。本句前半句意思是 “某些地方女人被期待去挣钱” ，后半句意为“男人在家工作并抚养孩子” ，可见两部分意思形成对比，此处 while 相当于 and at the same time。7.语法分析法对基本语法的灵活运用是高考单项填空考查的一个主要内容。解题时必须仔细分析句子结构后，注意句子前后的一致性，如主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等，并且快速划分出意群，弄清句子结构，找出所缺句子的成分，这样才有利于问题的解决。(1)_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008
23、浙江卷）A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who分析：C。本题考查名词性从句。分析语法成分可知 has to pay their own way 中缺少主语。该主语由主语从句充当，再分析主语从句，知从句缺少主语，而这里只有 whoever 能既引导从句，又在从句中作主语，相当于 anyone who。(2) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.（2008 江西卷）A
24、. where B. when C. who D. which分析：A。该句考查定语从句。划分意群知主句是： Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers.后半部分是个分割式定语从句，先行词是 cases。因为定语从句只缺少地点状语，故选 where。8.比较、排除法比较是对语法知识、词义、相似结构进行比较，最后选出正确答案。排除法不能单独使用，它只是前几种方法的补充，因为排除某一选项必须依据固定搭配和句子结构才能进行。(1) Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll sti
25、ll be some time _ Brian get back. (2008北京卷)A. before B. since C. till D. after分析：A。考查连词及相似句型的辨析。 It is some time before 是一个句型，表示“在之前还有一段时间”。考生还要注意区别一下四个相似句型：1）It will be/was+一段时间+before表示“才”或“就”；2)It has been/is+时间段+since表示“自以来已有多长时间”；3)It is/was +时间点+when表示“当时，时间是”，when 引导时间状语从句；4)It is/was +强调部分+t
26、hat/who为强调句式。(2) This is such a wonderful film _ we have never seen A. that B. as C. which D. what 分析：B。易错选 A。注意区分 suchthat 和 suchas 的用法。在 such. that 引导的结果状语从句中， that 不充当句子成分， 而在 such. as 引导的定语从句中， as 常作定语从句的主语或宾语。此题 seen 后缺少一个宾语， 故后面是一个定语从句。(3) _in thought， he almost ran into the car in front of hi
27、m. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 分析：C。 “in thought”意为 “在思考中”，表状态，所以所填的非谓语动词不能是 V-ing 形式，排除 A 项和 B 项；D 项 To lose 置于句首常表示目的，与题意不符；Lost 为过去分词相当于形容词，与本题相符，故 C 项正确。 9. 综合分析法上述每一种解题方法绝不是唯一的，各种方法之间的关系是互补的，是相互渗透的。因此在解题过程中，灵活、巧妙地使用多种方法往往较只用一种方法效果更好，而命题人越来越倾向于从多角度、综合地考查考生的知识水平。因此，解体时要瞻前顾后，通盘考虑。A
28、s we all know, every minute, _ full use of_ our lessons, will do good to us students. A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study C. that is made; study D. that is made; studying 分析:B。 此题题干很长,但分析句子结构可知,其主句应该为：As we all know, every minute will do good to us students. every minute 后面又有一个由 when 引导的
29、省略的状语从句若将其补全,则应为: When every minute is made full use of to study our lessons.可以将被动语态转换为主动语态,即: When we students make full use of every minute to study our lessons . ，这样就不难选出答案了。巩固练习：1. You cannot imagine what great trouble I took _ your house.A. to find B. finding C. found D. having found 2. _we are
30、 _ our achievements after so many years efforts.A. How proud; of B. What proud; inC. How proud; in D. What proud; of3.What have you _ air, Tom?Basketball.A. have filled with B. had filled with C. had filled of D. to have filled4. Is this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letter?A. where B. wh
31、ich C. in that D. in which5.If your radio doesnt work, who will you _to repair it？ _fits for the job.A. have; Anyone who B. get; WhoeverC. suggest; The one who D. hope; Anyone6.Do you know _ he went to Beijing?Yes, I do, he went there by plane.A. how B. when C. that D. if7. Is there a library around
32、 _ I can borrow a book for reference? A. that B. which C. where D. what 8. What made him glad was that the theory he had stuck to_ wrong. A. turned out B. turning out C. was turned out D. to be turned out 9.How did you sleep last night?Wonderful. Never slept_.A. well B. better C. best D. a better10.
33、_ the financial crisis_ has caused many people to lose jobs so far broke out last year came as a great shock to the whole world. A. That; what B. What; that C. Which; that D. That; which11. When_ why he was late, he made no answer.A. questioned B. questioning C. asking questions D. question12. There
34、 were a lot of people in the reading room, most of_ seated there chatting and laughing.A. them B. whom C. that D. which 13. The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he_ his lessons. A. can do to study B. can studying C. can to study D. possible to study 14. _in a peaceful way, the long w
35、ar between the two countries ended at last. A. To settle B. Settle C. Settling D. Settled15. It is in the company_ you referred to_ this kind of beer is produced. A. which; where B. which; that C. where; that D. that; which16. The prize will come to _comes first in the competition.A. who B. whom C.
36、whoever D. whomever17. It is such a difficult problem _ no one can work out.A. as B. that C. so D. thus18. _ and youll succeed in time.A. If you try again B. Trying once more C. Another try D. To try again19.Does your brother serve in the army?No, not now. But he _ in the army for 8 years.A. would s
37、erve B. served C. had served D. was serving20. To our great_, Marys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. anxiety B. relief C. view D. judgment21. Not until his parents turned off the TV, _.A. did he go to bed B. didnt he go to bed C. he did go to bed D. he didnt go to bed22. Dont
38、you know that your school is, as a matter of fact, _ used to be a church? A. where B. what C. that D. which 23.How long do you suppose it is_ he arrived here? No more than half a week. A. since B. before C. after D. when 24.People should be encouraged to use public transport instead of cars._. The r
39、oads are really too crowded.A. All right B. No problem C. Go ahead D. Exactly25.Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done26. It is not what you say is right but what you do _ is of importance.A. which B. it C. that D. this27. A warm thought came to me _ I might give my book to the poor girl.A. if B. when C. that D. which Key: 1-5: AABAB 6-10:ACABD 11-15:AACDB 16-20:CACBB 21-27: ABADC CC
