1、（一）人称代词 一、概念 人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/ 它、我们、你们和（他/她/它）们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化. 二、人称代词的用法 1一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。 I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。 （I 是主语） You are 11 years old. 你 11 岁了。 （You 是主语） He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 （He 是主语） It is hot today. 今天天气热。 （It 是主语） 2宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask 等的后面；或介词，如：for, to
2、, of,at 等的后面。 Can you help me？你能帮我吗？（me 是宾语） The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。 （you 是宾语） 3作表语（用主格，口语中常用宾格） Who is that？Its me （I）. 是谁啊？是我。 三、注意 1人称代词 I 无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。 2人称代词 she 除了指女性 “她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。 如：I love my country. She is great. The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright. 四、It 的特殊用
3、法 1一般情况下，it 表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为 “它” 。 Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。 2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用 it 来代替，此时的 it，并不译为“它” 。 1）指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。 2）指气候:Its cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。 3）指时间:What time is it？Its six thirty. 几点了？六点半了。 4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？ 从这
4、儿到公园有多远？Its about two miles. 大约是二英里。 五、人称的习惯顺序： 如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用 and，or 连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I 复数：we，you，and they 但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把 I 放在第一位。 Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明. （二）物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化。 通过观察上表，我们发现，除了 my 的名词性物主代词是
5、 mine, his 和 its 的名词性和形容词性相同外，其他的名词性物主代词都是在对应的形容词性物主代词后面加“s”变成的。形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，表示是属于谁的东西。名词性物主代词等于对应的形容词性物主代词加一个名词。如： This is her book. = This book is hers. Are these your pens? = Are these pens yours? （三）替代词 替代词用来替代前面已经提到过的人或事物，来避免重复这一名词。最典型的替代词有one 和 ones。one 用来替代表示单数的人或事，ones 用来替代表示复数的人或事物。 如：The
6、re is a post office near my home. There is one near our school, too.(one = post office) 词类 英语名称 意 义 例 词名词 The Noun (缩写为 n) 表示人或事物的名称 Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train 冠词 The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 a, an, the 代词 The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词 They, his, him, mine, which, all 形容词 The Ad
7、jective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry 数词 The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词 The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态 Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词 The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词 The Preposition (prep)
8、 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系 From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连词 The Conjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 And, or, but, so, because 感叹词 The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear 下面是一些比较典型的“陷阱”题目，请大家做做看： 1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral En
9、glish before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 2. Everything he -away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken 3. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he -English. A. could learning B. learn
10、ed C. to learn D. could learn 4. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 5. The person we spoke to _no answer at first Amaking Bmakes Cmake Dmade 6. The person we referred to（提及）_us a report tomorrow Agiving Bwill give Cgave D giv
11、e 7. The days we have been looking forward to （）soon Acoming Bwill come Ccame Dhave come 8. The person we talked about （）our school last week Avisiting Bwill visit Cvisited Dhas visited 9. The man whose songs we are fond of （） in our city next week Asinging Bto sing Cwill sing Dsang 10. Not only _th
12、e jewelry she （）been sold for her sons gambling debts but also her house Ais；has Bhas；had C has；has D；has 11. _in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 12.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. （NM
13、ET2002） 初中英语重要句型as soon as asas asas possible ask sb. for sth. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. ask/tell sb. not to do sth. be afraid of doing sth./ that 初中英语重要句型 8. be busy doing sth. 9. be famous/ late/ ready/ sorry for 10. be glad that 11. buy/ give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tellsth to sb. 12.
14、buy/ give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth. 初中英语重要句型 13. either or 14.enjoy/ hate/ like/ finish/ stop/ mind/ keep/ go on doing sth. 15. find it+adj.to do sth. 16.get +比较级 17. get ready for/ get sth. ready 18. had better (not) do sth. 初中英语重要句型 19. help sb. (to) do / help sb. with 20. I do
15、nt think that 21. I would like to/ Would you like to 22. is one of the +最高级+名词复数 23. It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 24. It is a good idea to do sth. 25. It is the second +最高级+ 名词 初中英语重要句型 26. It looks like/ It sounds like 27. It seems to sb. that 28. It sounds +adj./ It looks+adj. 29. It takes sb. s
16、ome time to do sth. 30. Its bad/ good for 31. Its time for/ to do sth. 32. Its two meters(years)long (high, old) 初中英语重要句型 33. keep sb. doing sth. 34. like to do / like doing sth 35. keep/ make sth. +adj. 36. make / let sb. (not) do sth. 37. neithernor 38. notat all 39. notuntil 初中英语重要句型 40. Onethe o
17、ther/ Some .others 41. prefer to 42. see/hear sb. do(doing) sth. 43. so that 44. spend on/ (in) doing sth. 45. stop to do/ stop doing sth. 46. such a (an)+adj. +n. that 初中英语重要句型 47. take/bring sth. with sb. 48. thank sb. for sth. 49. The morethe more 50. There is something wrong with 51. tooto 52. u
18、sed to 53. What about/ How about 初中英语重要句型 54. Whats the matter with 55. Whats wrong with 56. Why not 57. Will( Would, Could) you please 初中英语八种时态归纳复习1.一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词) We clean the room every day. 一般现在时：do(nt)/does(nt) 2.一般过去时:主语+did We cleaned the room just now. 一般过去式：did(nt)+V.原 3.现在进行时:主语+am
19、/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now. 现在进行时：am(not)/is(nt)/are(nt)+V.ing 4.过去进行时:was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 过去进行时：was(nt)/were(nt)+V.ing 5.现在完成时: have/has done We have cleaned the room already. 现在完成时：have(nt)/has(nt)+过去分词（p.p.) 6.过去完成时: had done We h
20、ad cleaned the room before he arrived. 过去完成时：had+p.p. 7.一般将来时: will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow. 一般将来时：will(not)+V.ing / is(nt)/are(nt)+going to +V.原 8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do He said he would clean the room next 过去将来时：would(nt) / was(nt)/were(nt)+V.原 动词不定式：to+V.ing 一、 一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生
21、的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：often，usually，always，sometimes，every week（day，year，month ） ，once a week，on Sundays ，etc 基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 否定形式： am is are not；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、
22、行为。 时间状语：ago，yesterday ， the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month ） ，in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc 基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 否定形式： waswere not；在行为动词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放在句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时
23、间状语：now，at this time，these days，etc 基本结构：amisare doing 否定形式：amisare notdoing 一般疑问句：把 be 动词放在句首 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：waswere doing 否定形式：waswere notdoing 一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放在句首 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的
24、影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently，lately ， since ，for ，in the past few years，etc 基本结构：havehas done 否定形式：havehas notdone 一般疑问句：havehas 放于句首 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去” 。 时间状语：before ，by the end of last year（term，month ） ，etc 基本结构：had done 否定形式：had notdone 一般疑问句
25、：had 放于句首 七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year ） ，soon，in a few minutes，by ，the day after tomorrow，etc 基本结构：amisaregoing to do；willshall do 否定形式：amisare notgoing to do； willshallnotdo 一般疑问句：be 放于句首； willshall 提到句首 八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语
26、：the next day（morning，year ） ，the following month（week ） ，etc 基本结构：waswere going to do； wouldshould do 否定形式：waswere notgoing to do；would should notdo 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；wouldshould 提到句首 句型( 一)such+名词性词组+that So+形容词/副词+that如此以致 例如：(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师，我们都爱她。 (
27、2)It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气，他们没有像往常一样去散步。 注意点： 1.such+a+形容词+名词+that ，可以改写成：so+形容词+a+名词+that，例句(1) 可以改写成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 2.在 such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that 结构中，形容词如果是 many/few 或much/little 时，用 so 不用 such，即：so+many/few+可数名词复数+that，
28、so+much/little+不可数名词+that (1)There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房间里人太多，我进不去。 (2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱，他能买一辆小汽车。 句型(二) There be，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also 例如：(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。(2)Not only
29、 you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都没有去过 长城。 (3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海，要么我去上海。 (4)Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。 (5)Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack 和 Tim 是英国人。 注意点： 当这几个句型连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则” ，对比 bothand 来记忆，bothand 连接主语时视为复数。 句型(三) Enough+名词+to do有足够
30、的 做某事 形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够做某事 例如：(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。 (2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大，能搬动这只箱子。 注意点： enough 做副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面，句子可以用 sothat句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大，能搬动这只箱子。 句型(四) too+形容词/副词+to do太以致不能 例如：(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出
