1、1一般将来时特殊用法：(1) 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回。(2) 用“be about to+ 动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状
2、语连用：误：He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”( 主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。(3) 用“现在进行时 ”(即be 现在分词)表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我走了。(4) 用“一般现在时
3、”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的有关用法。will表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your bike?We will help him if he asks us.现
4、在进行时的用法注意：有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand2.表示“看起来”“看上去“appear, resemble, seem3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate, like，love，prefer4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from. contain, include5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste6表示拥有的动词belong to，need，own, possess, wa
5、nt, wish现在完成时（延续性动词和非延续性动词）1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 2例:He
6、has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o
7、clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep s
8、th open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold,come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in),go (get) out be out ， 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It
9、is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. -I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 比较过去时与现在完成时 1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2.
10、 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always比较现在完成时和过去
11、完成时现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。 I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。在
12、told, 3said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.(“来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在） We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. （“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！） 1. I have been to S
13、hanghai. I _there last month.A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go2. -Whats your father doing now?-He _ the room.A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning 3. -Have you had your breakfast yet?-Yes, Mom _it for me.A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked4. -Your phone number again?
14、 I _ quite catch it.-Its 9568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant5. Can I help you, sir? Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesnt work6. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. l
15、eft; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come7. _ my glasses? Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen8. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D.
16、 had worked9. Is this raincoat yours?No, mine _ there behind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung 10. Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did11. Who is Jerry Cooper?_? I saw you shaking hands with him at the mee
17、ting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yetC. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet12. Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 13. Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.4A. has
18、written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing14. The price _ but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down15. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel答案解
19、析1. B 2.D 3. D 4. A。句意为“我刚才没有听清楚”。5. D。“昨天在这买的收音机，现在坏了。”work 指机器设备的运作。6. C。leave 应发生在 had to wait 这个过去动作之前，“ 过去的过去 ”用过去完成时；后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。7. D。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响：问话人的目的是想知道眼镜在哪里。8. B。在三年前见到她时，她当时正在一家 radio shop 工作。9. A。hang 表示某物 “悬挂”在某处，是不及物动词； is hanging 正悬挂在。10. C。 was going to do 表示未完成的意愿：本打算做
20、 (但却没有做成)。would 无此用法。11. D。由 I saw.可知 meet 发生在过去，且强调对现在的影响：你不是已经和他见过面了吗？12. B。 “但她曾经答应要来的”，过去的许诺，故用一般过去时。13. D。由“我不知道她是否已经写完了” 推知，她去年“ 正在写”。14. C。后文 (will remain so)暗示物价已经降下来了。15. A。过去进行时表示报告人当时所看到的情景。被动语态构成1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词3.一般将来时：1)will/shall be+过去分词，2)is/ am/ are going t
21、o be +过去分词4.现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词5.现在进行时：am/ is /are +being+ 过去分词6.过去进行时：was/ were being +过去分词7.过去将来时：1)would be + 过去分词，2)was/ were going to be +过去分词8.过去完成时：had been +过去分词9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词（情态动词：can， could， may， might， will， would ，shall， should， must， need ，）(注 make do 变为 be made to d
22、o seedo 变为 be seen to do heardo 变为 be heard to do letdo 变为 be let to do watchdo 变为 be watched to do feeldo 变为 be felt to do noticedo 变为 be noticed to do 用法：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。Ex. This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指出 动作的执行者是谁。Ex. More trees must be planted every year.53. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者是谁。Ex. Chinese is s
23、poken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是物。Ex. Many houses were washed away by the flood.注意：1. Open, look, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。Ex. This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here.2. Look, sound, taste, sme
24、ll等系动词用主语结构表被动意义。Ex. Uniform looks ugly on us.3. Be worth doing 用主动形式表被动意义。Ex. This book is worth reading.4. Want/ need/ require + doing 相当于want/ need/ require + to be done. To be done 表示不定式的被动结构。Ex. My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.5. 主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时， 不能用作被动态的主语。Ex. T
25、he man introduced himself as Mr. White.Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(错)6. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。Ex. We will have a meeting. A meeting will be had by us. (错)7. 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时， 不能用作被动语态的主语。Ex. My brother enjoys watching TV. Watching TV is enjoying by my brother. (错)1. A lot of trees _ar
26、ound here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now.A. were planted B. are planted C. will plant D. are planting 2. Every year, more than 70, 000, 000 sharks _for their fins.A. Were killed B. have killed C. are killed D. will killed 3. -Have you heard of the movie 2012？-Yes. It _ in Hongse Theatr
27、e last winter.A. Shows B. was shown C. is shown D. had shown4. Dont be afraid. The dog _to the tree.A. Is tied B. must tie C. was tied D. has tie5. This kind of pants _well.A. sells B. is sold C. is selling D. are selling 6. -Are you going to the party?-No, because I_.A. have invited B. havent invited C. have been invited D. havent been invited.7. -Have you ever been to Beijing？-Of course. Look, this photo _there last year.A. is taken B. took C. was taken D. will taken6
