1、To: 陈均诚 2009 年 月 日 VIP 学员补课专用 高考英语 定语 、 状语 、 名词性 从句 考点 教案铁西区 Peter 精品高分英语家教 主编人：吴军名词性从句考点典型陷阱题分析1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A. that B. whatC. that that D. what what【陷阱】可能误选 B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了 C 和 D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在 A 和 B 两个选项中，选项 A 肯定不行，因为它引导宾
2、语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了 B。【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个 what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个 what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there.A. which B. howC.
3、 what D. having【陷阱】可能误选 A。【分析】最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选 A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以 B 和 D 也不能选。请再做下面一题 (答案选 B)：He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”A. that B. What C. which D. as3“Is _ you want to say?” asked the teacher.A. this B. That C. al
4、l that D. that all【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选 A 或 B。【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选 A 或 B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is 与 want 相冲突。选 D 组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的 that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰 all。4. “When _ leave for Japan?” “When _ leave for Japan is
5、kept secret.”A. they will, will they B. will they, they willC. they will, they will D. will they, will they【陷阱】可能误选 D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一个 when 引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题( 答案选 C)：(1) None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed.A. sh
6、e will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marriesC. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry(2) “Where _ go to work?” “Where _ go to work is not known.”A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall weC. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. G
7、o and see _.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为 D。首先可以排除 A 和 C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词 it，而不用 he 或 she 等。比较以下两句：Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可
8、能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。6. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves? A. who B. whichC. that D. what【陷阱】此题容易误选 A 或 B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用 who；选 B 的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词) 。【分析】其实答案应选 C。that 引导的是一个
9、宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为 C)：(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat.A. who B. whichC. that D. what(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, _ she liked me.A. who B. whichC. that D. what(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he
10、had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. that B. whichC. as D. because前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that 同位语从句(修饰 the news)。精编陷阱题训练1. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. it B. whichC. that D. what2. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _A_ it takes to
11、 do anything well.A. what B. whichC. which D. how3. It has come to my notice _ some of you have missed classes.A. what B. whichC. that D. when4. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_ I was last night.” A. That B. WhenC. Where D. What5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ h
12、e cant enjoy while living in big cities.A. that B. whyC. where D. what6. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. whenC. what D. how7. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What;
13、 why B. That; whatC. What; because D. Why; that8. _ we are doing has never been done before.A. That B. WhatC. Which D. Whether9. People have heard _ the President has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do.A. how, how B. what, what C. when, how D. that, what10. When you answer questions in a job
14、 interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.A. what B. whichC. when D. that11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. thatC. which D. whichever12. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. ThatC
15、. When D. Because13. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, who B. every, whoeverC. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats whyC. Theres why D. Thats because15. _ has helped to s
16、ave the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The oneC. Anyone D. Whoever16. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. A. How; that B. That; whichC. That; which D. What; that【答案与解析】1. 选 D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词 was)，相当于 the thing that m
17、ade matters worse。2. 选 A。what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well。3. 选 C。that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的 it 为形式主语。4. 选 C。答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：“_ made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_ she was a wom
18、an.” A. What, What B. That, ThatC. What, That D. That, What5. 选 D。what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that。6. 选 C。句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除 A、B、D 。（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）7. 选 A。第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导
19、表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why。8. B。what 在此 引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that。9. B。两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和 do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。10. 选 A。what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what。句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。11. 选 A。I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语
20、，故选 whatever。12. 选 B。that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因为 because 不用于引导主语从句。13. 选 C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C。14. 选 B。比较 Thats why 与 Thats because：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选 D：I got wet all through. _ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.A. Its the reason B. Thats whyC. Theres
21、why D. Thats because15. 选 D。由 is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的 B 项和 C 项； whoever 引导主语从句表示“ 任何的人 ”，在此它相当于 anyone who。16. 选 A。how 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。定语从句考点典型陷阱题分析1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it wasC. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易误选 A 或
22、B，将 A、B 中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是 C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which” 引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数 were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为 C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it isC. which are D. t
23、hem are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which are B. it isC. which is D. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which are B. it isC. which is D. them are2. A man with a bleeding
24、 hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. whichC. where D. what【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为 C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤
25、，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybod
26、y that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：(1) _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. AsC. That D. It(2) _ is mentioned above that the number
27、of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. AsC. That D. It4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选 A，许多同学一看到题干中的 such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查 such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为 C，不是 A，因为在 such that (如此以至) 结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在
28、从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选 C 的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选 A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用 that。比较下面一题，答案为 A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teacher
29、s like him.A. that B. whoC. as D. whom请再做以下试题（答案选 D）：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. thatC. which D. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. itC. them D. which【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是 D。most of which wer
30、e already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选 D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. that B. itC. them D. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. that B. itC. them D. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the p
31、aper.A. that B. itC. them D. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. himC. them D. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. that B. whoC. them D. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ w
32、ere still university students. A. that B. whoC. them D. whom6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。【分析】最佳答案是 A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在 many of 的前面加上连词 an
33、d，则选答案 B。比较以下各题( 答案均选 A)：(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. which B. themC. what D. that(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. them B. whichC. what D. that(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the oth
34、er.A. whom B. themC. which D. who(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. them B. whomC. which D. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是 B，这不是非限制性定语从句，
35、而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选 A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选 B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2) The
36、y put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选 A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词 were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. w
37、hich B. themC. what D. that答案选 B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词 but，使得该句成了一个并列句。8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是 A。与上面一题相似， their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因
38、为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选 B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a
39、lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选 A。因为句中有并列连词 and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选 A。their parents sitting tog
40、ether joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选 B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting
41、together joking.A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选 B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. whichC. what D. that【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为 D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从
42、句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. as B. whichC. and it D. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15. A. as B. whichC. what D. that(3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. that B. whichC. and i
43、t D. so(4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. whichC. what D. that10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where【陷阱】容易误选 B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词 when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。【分析】正确答案为 A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要
44、看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which 或 that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词 when：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where请再做一组试题(答案均选 A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall buildi
45、ng _ we bought last month.A. which B. whenC. how D. where选 A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。(2) Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. which B. whenC. how D. where选 A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。(3) Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. whenC.
46、 that D. which选 A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。精编陷阱题训练1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _ many people have gone home.A. that B. whichC.
47、 whose time D. by which time3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. thatC. this D. which5. When he was workin
48、g there he caught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers. A. which B. that C. whose D. what6. Its said that hes looking for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family. A. when B. whereC. that D. which7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. thatC. whose D. when8. The little time we have toge
