1、农村区域发展专业英语教 案 （ 首 页 ）授课时间 教案编写时间 课程代码 5101026课程名称 English Course for rural region development 学 分 3课程性质 必修课（ ） 选修课（ ）理论课（ ） 实验课（ ） 所属学院 经济贸易学院任课教师 赵俊权 职 称 副教授总学时 48讲课： 48 学时实验： 学时实习： 周授课对象 农村区域发展 专业 2005 年 1 班级 教材和主要参考资料Series of English Courses of 21st CenturyEnglish Course for rural region develop
2、ment 教学目的与要求Agricultural economics may be defined as an applied social science dealing with how humans choose to use technical knowledge and scarce productive resources such as land, labor, capital, and management to produce food and fiber and to distribute it for consumption to various members of s
3、ociety over time. Like economics, agricultural economics seeks to discover cause-effect relationships.教学重点与难点Agriculture is a very large, heterogeneous industry. It involves many types of businesses in producing and distributing food and fiber to consumers. Agriculture includes farms; credit and sup
4、ply firms; marketing, processing, and distribution firms; restaurants, and retailers.教 学 进 程第 1-3 次课第 4-6 次课第 7-9 次课第 10-12 次课第 13-15 次课第 16-18 次课第 19-21 次课第 22-24 次课授课章节Unit 1 Agricultural EconomicsUnit 2 The Farm and Food SystemUnit3 International TradeUnit 4 Consumer Behavior and DemandUnit 5 Ind
5、ifference CurvesUnit 6 Price Elasticity of DemandUnit 7Producer Decision Making: Single-Variable Input FunctionsUnit 8Value Relationships学 时66666666备 注区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit1 Agricultural Economics学 时 6 教学目的 How to understand agricultural economy教学重点 the agricultural industry教学难点 The cyclical natur
6、e of production教学内容Agricultural economics may be defined as applied social science dealing. With how humans choose to use technical knowledge and scarce productive resources such as land, labor, capital, and management to produce food and fiber and to distribute it for consumption to various members
7、 of society over time. Like economics, agricultural economics seeks to discover cause-effect relationships. It uses the scientific method and economic theory to find answers to problems in agriculture and agribusiness.The following rapid growth in the ranks of professional agricultural economists, a
8、nd the ever-increasing public use of their special talents, bear testimony to the foresight of those early pioneering theorists. Most beginning students probably have only a vague concept of agricultural economics. For the student, it is a blend of many subject areas. An agricultural economics curri
9、culum ordinarily includes classes in technical agriculture, science, statistics, mathematics, business, general economics, and other social sciences. Students taking a curriculum in agricultural economics may major in such areas as farm management, production economics, agricultural marketing, agric
10、ultural policy, finance, economic development, natural resources, and community development or public affairs.教学案例或实例 How to understand agriculture教学方式 lecture作 业 How to understand the characteristics of agriculture区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit2 The Farm and Food System学 时 6教学目的 How to establish the organ
11、ization of agricultural production教学重点 the value of farm products sold教学难点 farmer marketing cooperatives教学内容Agriculture is an integral part of the general economic system. We subdivide our national economy so that the fundamental structure can be seen. Producing firms and consumers are the central e
12、conomic units in the system.Many people are concerned about corporate activity in agriculture because of the economic consequences that could occur with concentrated resource control. As a result, some states have attempted to limit the growth of corporation farming. Laws passed in several states pr
13、ohibit corporate farming. Statutes restricting corporate farming have been enacted in several other states. Some states have laws requiring corporations to report the land that they own in the state. More than one-half of the states also have laws restricting ownership of real property by aliens, wi
14、th a great deal of variation in the restraints provided by these laws as they are applied to alien ownership of property.Many producers are concerned about farming corporations because they think corporations are more efficient and that their size gives them market advantages, which may put the fami
15、ly-farm operators at a competitive disadvantage. Farmers believe capital markets, volume buying of production inputs, and volumes selling of output afford advantages to corporate farms that are not available to them. However, most studies show that moderate-sized family farms are as efficient as mos
16、t corporate farms. With this situation plus the generally low returns to agricultural investments, one would expect very little growth in corporate agriculture. 教学案例或实例 Organizational categories of agricultural production教学方式 Lecture作 业 How to understand the organization of agricultural production区域
17、发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit3 Consumer Behavior and Demand学 时 6教学目的 How to understand consumer behavior and demand教学重点 consumer the behavior教学难点 Diminishing Marginal Utility教学内容This chapter concentrates only on households, or consumers, and the behavior of people in meeting their desire for goods and servi
18、ces. It is in the observed market behavior of people that the concept of demand rests. While demand will be specifically discussed later in the chapter, suffice it to say at this point that demand means the quantities of a product bought at alternative prices holding everything else constant.When co
19、nsumer behavior is studied, certain characteristics can be noted.One feature is that consumers spend everything they earn on goods and services, including savings. Another is that consumers never seem to get enough of most things. We can infer from this characteristic of consumer behavior that human
20、 wants are insatiable and that more is preferred to less.One of the reasons consumers do not buy infinite quantities of everything is that they have a limited amount of money income. In economics, we assume that consumers, with a given money income, will purchase clothing, housing, food, haircuts, a
21、nd all the other things that they want in amounts that will maximize utility or satisfaction for them. The utility of a product or service is derived from the inherent characteristics or qualities that cause them to be desired. These may be objective or subjective qualities. But it is unlikely that
22、two individuals would attain the same utility or satisfaction from the consumption of the same amount of a product. 教学案例或实例 Consumers utility教学方式 Lecture作 业 How to consumers utility区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit4 Value Relationship学 时 6教学目的 How to understand value relationship教学重点 Adjusting to Price Change
23、教学难点 Marginal Factor Cost教学内容We then are directed to comparing the values of products with the values of inputs used Lip in their production. As a first step, a couple of assumptions will be useful and even a bit realistic: (1) There are so many firms producing this product that the actions of any o
24、ne firm will have no influence whatsoever on either input or product prices; and (2) that the market does not differentiate one firms product from that of another, that is, the firms produce a homogeneous product. Thus if a corn producer were to shut down completely or, alternatively, to produce the
25、 last possible extra bushel of corn, the market price of corn would not be affected. And provided that the corn meets certain quality standards, one producers corn will not be discriminated against or offered a premium over that of other firms producing corn.Our assumption about unchanging prices “v
26、as valid regarding individual firth decisions, but that doesnt mean that we are unable to cope with changing resource and product prices, or that we even expect them to remain unchanged. Change is a fact of life, in markets as in anything else. Changing economic conditions, in total market supply an
27、d demand cause frequent price adjustments in both resource and product markets. So our optimum is correct, not for all time, but only until another price change occurs, then an adjustment in X, use must again be made to find a new optimum.教学案例或实例 Value structure of products教学方式 lecture作 业 How to und
28、erstand the value of products区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit5 Producer Decision Making学 时 6教学目的 How to understand producers decision making教学重点 Variable Inputs and Enterprise Selection教学难点 Variable Input Function教学内容In the previous chapter, we discussed the simplest production functions, specifically: (1) a
29、 single, composite, variable input function with nothing fixed, and its constant returns; and (2) a single-variable input function with other resources held constant. This functional relationship between a variable factor and its product is sometimes referred to as the factor-product relationship.Ag
30、ricultural production decisions are seldom so simple that the operator can choose a single crop or single livestock enterprise as the firms only product. Crop farms typically produce two or more different types of grain crops; stock ranches frequently produce both livestock and grain or forage crops
31、, or even two or more types of livestock. The relationship between enterprises is referred to as the product-product relationship. These two general problem areas-factor factor and product-product-and the economic criteria for making these choices, are dealt with in turn in this chapter.An enterpris
32、e is a specific crop or type of livestock from which products are obtained, for example, cotton, wheat, beef cattle, hogs, or onions. In which to use the variable resources. Physical relationships and economic factors cause producers to choose one particular set of resources and not some other combi
33、nation with which to produce their products. Basic in this choice is the interaction between inputs and their effect on the productivity of the employed resources as the input mix is changed.教学案例或实例 Market equilibrium教学方式 Lecture作 业 How do producers make their decisions?区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit6 Fina
34、ncial Picture of Agriculture学 时 6教学目的 How to understand financing in agriculture教学重点 Farm Credit教学难点 farm the banking system教学内容This chapter discusses the financial position of agriculture, sources of farm credit, the banking system, and how to compute simple interest rates. The vitality of agricult
35、ure depends on managers who understand finance and can apply it to the farm and ranch business. A balance sheet gives you some idea of the present financial position of an individual or business. It is the result of all past transactions. A balance sheet is divided into assets, liabilities, and net
36、worth.Most farm credit has been used to finance farm expansion and higher production cost items such as farm machinery and motor vehicles. The four major institutional farm lender categories include commercial banks, the FCS, the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and insurance companies. In 1998, outstandi
37、ng numeral estate loans secured by farm assets totaled about $83 billion. Commercial banks supplied 52 percent, the Farm Credit System 19 percent, the Farm Service Agency 5 percent, and individuals and others 24 percent.The Farm Credit System supplied 32 percent of all outstanding real estate debt,
38、life insurance companies 11 percent, commercial banks 31 percent, the Farm Service Agency 5 percent, and individuals 21 percent. Historically, individuals have been the major source of funds for land transfers. The Farm Credit System is the largest lender involved in the land mortgage field. The tot
39、al real estate debt outstanding as of December 31, 1998, was $87.6 billion.教学案例或实例 How to finance?教学方式 Lecture作 业 How to understand finance?区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit7 Farmers Home Administration学 时 6教学目的 How to understand the administration of farmers families教学重点 Resource conservation and development
40、教学难点 Farm operate 教学内容The Farmers Home Administration primarily provided two types of loans. One was a guaranteed loan handled by a private lender. Farmers Home Administration guaranteed to limit the loss on the loan to a specified percentage. The second type was a direct loan by the Farmers Home Ad
41、ministration. Loan funds were obtained from insured notes backed by the government. Also, Congress authorized the Farmers Home Administration to provide grants for rural development planning, pollution abatement, and control, and to facilitate business and industry.The maximum amount that could be b
42、orrowed, the repayment schedules, and the terms of the loan differed according to the type of loan. As a separate, federally funded credit agency, and independent of the Farm Credit System, the Farmers Home Administration was not included in the structural changes required under the Agricultural Cre
43、dit Act of 1987. Changes in their lending regulations, however, have required some new operational procedures.The Farmers Home Administration ceased to operate with the signing of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. Farm loans are currently han
44、dled by the Consolidated Farm Service Agency (FSA), including both direct and guaranteed loans.教学案例或实例 How do farmers administrate their families?教学方式 Lecture作 业 How to understand family administration in rural areas?区域发展专业英语课程教案项 目 内 容Unit8 The Banking System学 时 6教学目的 How to understand banking syst
45、em教学重点 Monetary policy教学难点 loanable fund to agriculture monetary policy教学内容Agriculture and agricultural financial institutions do not operate in isolation from conditions in other sectors of the economy. The agricultural sector must compete for available funds with public and private borrowers from
46、all segments of the economy. While both monetary and fiscal policies influence the availability of loanable funds to agriculture, monetary policy is of greater concern here.Fiscal policy is the government policy regarding expenditures and taxation. Thus, the government can increase expenditures of s
47、uch agencies as the Farm Service Agency and increase loanable funds, or restrict credit by cutting budgets. Also, of course, tax levels influence the amount of money available to producers to invest in their operations. Fiscal policy changes affect the flow of funds to financial institutions and the
48、refore affect loanable funds. These changes also influence business activity and savings. A tax decrease tends to stimulate incomes, employment, and savings; a tax increase will have an opposite impact on the economic system.The ability of banks to create or destroy money as they perform their usual
49、 business has a great deal to do with the performance of the economy.Given their potential impact throughout the system, the activities of the banking industry must be coordinated so as to inhibit wide swings in prices and employment levels.教学案例或实例 Banking system in China教学方式 Lecture作 业 How to understand banking system in China?
