1、1高考英语语法专题讲解-高考英语语法专题讲解 1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语） ；（3）选择合适的关联词。1.2 何时用 that ？何时用 which？1.2.1 只能用 that 的 3 种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及 the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰过.（2）先行词为 all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.e.g. Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked of thin
2、gs and persons that they remembered in school.1.2.2 只能用 which 的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事 e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3 关系代词 as（正如）1.3.1 as 在定语从句中作主语e.g. As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their fac
3、tory. (非同一块材料 )We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as 在定语从句中作宾语e.g. She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件 )She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as 在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as
4、 he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用 as)= He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as 的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, 1.4 all that 和 whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that 引导定语从句 that 引导表语从句= What I know is that What 引导主语从
5、句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent together.The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.2The reason you gave me yest
6、erday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句 只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。p.s. 在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别2.1 形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由 that 引导。2.2 句法功能不相同: 同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。2.3 区别方法：2.3.1 that 是
7、否在从句中担任成分？The news that the leader will come here is not true.在从句中不担任成分The news that you told me last week is not true.在从句中担任宾语2.3.2 在 that 前面加 is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。The news is that the leader will come here is not true.成立The news is that you told me last week is not true.不成立2.3.3 根据 that 前的名字判断同位语
8、that 前的名词 必须 是一个表示事实的 抽象名词 : fact, news, information, order, belief, reply, answer, saying, doubt, hope, idea, thought,suggestion, wish, conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report, truth, view etc.定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制。2.4 同位语的连接词包括: that, how, when, where, whether.
9、同位语从句有时会被别的词把它和名词隔开: e.g Word came that they had won the game.3. 定语从句与强调句型的区别3.1 强调词 it 与先行词 it 的判别: 把 It is / wasthat去掉，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则不是。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport(强调句)It is the factory that Mr Wang works in. (定语从句)It is clear that not all boys like footbal
10、l. (it 作为形式主语的主语从句 )= That not all boys like football is clear.3.2 固定句型: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ thate.g It was not unitl she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.=Only when she t
11、ook off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.强调句的倒装强调人时，可用 who 代替 that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用 when, where, why, how 代替 that. 3强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as 等引导的原因状语从句。He is better today since he can walk around without my help. -It is better today that he is today since he can walk ar
12、ound without my help. (X)It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (X) 3.3 其他强调方式：3.3.1 as, though 引导的让步状语从句: (1) Try as he will, he cant succeed. (强调谓语)= Though he will try, he cant succeed. (2) English though he learnt, he didnt learn it well. (强调宾语)= Though he learnt
13、 English, he didnt learn it well.(3) Ill as he is, he keeps on working. (强调表语)=Though he is ill, he keeps on working. 3.3.2 用 do, did 强调谓语e.g Do sit down. He did write to you last week.3.3.3 用短语 at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun 等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。【定语从句 同位语从句 强调句专项训练】1He talked happily a
14、bout the men and books interested him greatly in the schoolAwhich Bwho Cit Dthat2His uncle works in a factory bicycles are madeAthat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere3There is no dictionary you can find everythingAthat Bwhich Cwhere Din that4Next month, youll spend in your hometown is comingAwhich Bthat Cwhen Dw
15、here5.It was on 12 May,2008_the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.A.since B.which C.that D.when.6Next month, youll be in your hometown is comingAwhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere7He wanted to know the time he needed to know Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhat8There isnt so much noise in the countr
16、y in big citiesAthat Bwhich Cwhere Das 9They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat10. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as11Crusoes dog became ill and died
17、, made him very lonely Aas Bwhich Cthat Dthis12. It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. （2008 重庆卷 22）A .that B. when C. while D. as13. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what414 has been said above ,grammar is a set of de
18、ad rulesAWhich BWhat CThat DAs 15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as16Do you know the man ?Awhom I spoke Bto who I spoke CI spoke to Dthat I spoke17. It is not who is right but
19、 what is right _ is of importance. 2007 重庆卷A. which B. it C. that D. this18. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why19. when was it you called me yesterday?A. until B. that C. then D. so 20The knife we used to cut th
20、e bread is very sharp Awith which Bwith it Cwith that Dwhich21He tore up my photo and upset me Athat Bit Cwhich Dwhat22During the days , he worked as a servant at the BrownsAfollowed Bfollowing Cto follow Dthat followed 23. I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which C. thi
21、s D. that24. Was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave?A. and B. that C. thats D. so25You can take any seat is free Awhich Bwhere Cthat Din which26. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether27. These wild flowers are so s
22、pecial _I would do _ I can to save them.A. thatwhatever B. thatthat C. whichwhatever D. aswhichever 28. Occasions are quite rare_I have the time to spend a day with my kids.（2008 山东） A. who B. which C. why D. when29. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings.（2008 北京）A.
23、which B. when C. whom D. where30. The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. （2008 陕西）A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which31. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./32. Ive come from the government with a message
24、_ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which33. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when34. One of them held the view _ the book said was right. 5A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether35Do you know the reason he was
25、late?Athat Bwhich Cfor what Dfor which36We hope to get such a tool he is using Awhich Bas Cthat Dwhere37Is there any one in you class family is in the city Awho Bwhos Cwhich Dwhose38Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?Athat B/ Cwhich Dit 39I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farmAwhic
26、h Bwhere Cwhen Dwho40Is there anything to you Athat is belonged Bthat belongs Cwhich belongs Dthat belong 41The factory well visit next week isnt far from here Awhere Bin which Cwhich Dto which42My hometown is no longer the same it used to be Awhich Bas Cthat Dlike43John got beaten in the game , had
27、 been expected Aas Bthat Cwhat Dwho44Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school Bthis the school Cthis school one Dthis school where45. It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_?A.wasnt it B.was it C.didnt they D.did they 46. When asked to explain_made his lessons so exciting,the teache kept silent.A.what it is that B.that what it is C.what is it that D.that what is it
