1、1语法复习（五） 主谓一致英语中的一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、时态等方面保持一致，但最主要的是主语和谓语在数方面的一致关系。 一、用复数的情况1、有生命意义的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 常用的名词有：police（警察） ，cattle（牛） ，people（人们） ，等等。如： There were over 100 police on duty at the demonstration游行期间有 100 多名警察值勤。 2表示“某国人”的名词（如 Chinese，Japanese，English，British ，French 等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
2、。如：The Chinese usually use chopsticks for meals，while the British use knives and forks但是，有些单复数同形的名词（如 Chinese，Japanese 等）作主语时，如果指具体的某个人，其谓语动词应用单数。如： That Japanese is a singer那个日本人是个歌唱家。 3 “the 形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 常用的形容词有：rich，poor ，living ，dead，young，old，blind，sick，wounded，aged，disabled 等。如：In th
3、e old society，the poor were forced to sell their children4. 有些名词如：earnings, thanks, goods, clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes, scissors, belongings, savings 等作主语时，其谓语动词只能用复数形式。The family were saved but the belongings were lost.5. a group of a couple of a number of 修饰复数名词时，谓语用复数。A couple of days have
4、passed since we parted.二、用单数的情况6有些表示某类别的总称的集体名词（如 machinery机械 ，clothing衣服 ，luggage行李 ，furniture家具 等）作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： My luggage was sent by air我的行李是航空邮寄的。 7、 “-s”结尾的表示“学科” 、 “疾病名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 常用的名词有：politics，maths， physics，AIDS，等等。如： Maths is my favourite subject 8、国名、地名、组织机构名称、书刊和杂志名等名词作主语时，谓
5、语动词常用单数。如：The United States is a developed country Great Expectations has been translated into Chinese 远大前程已译成中文。 9、表示“时间、距离、钱额”等复数名词作主语时，常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如： Ten years is a moment in history十年在历史上是一瞬间。 One hundred kilometers is a long distance一百公里是一段很长的距离。 Fifty pounds is too expensive五十英镑太贵了。 如果将以上
6、复数名词作为个体看待时，谓语动词常用复数。如： Ten years have passed since I came to work in this school10、由“名词and名词”结构作主语，表示同一种事物或同一人时，谓语动词常用单数。如： Bread and milk is whole some food面包牛奶是一种有益于身体的食物。 The singer and dancer has come那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家来了。 11、由“every each no 单数名词 and every each no 单数名词”结构2作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： Every hour and
7、every minute is important 。 有时可将第二个 every each no 省略。如： Each book and paper can be found in this room12、动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Swimming in rivers in summer is a splendid sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great will power夏天在江河里游泳是极好的运动，但冬天在江河里游泳需要极大的毅力。 Who he is doesnt concern me他是
8、谁与我无关。 但是，当 what 引导主语从句或由 and 连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。如： What we need here is money我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers我们这里需要的是工人。 13. either 和 neither 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： Either of the two boys is a League member这两个男孩都是团员。 Neither of them knows the truth他们谁都不知道真相。14. many a + 单数名词，
9、more than one +单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one person was injured in the accident.Many a student is working hard.15. 四则运算常用单数三、既有单数又有复数的情况16有些集体名词作主语时，如将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如将其作为个体成员看，谓语动词则用复数。常用的名词有：family（家庭；家庭成员） ，class（班级；班级学生） ，army（军队；士兵） ，committee（委员会；委员） ，team（队；队员），等等。如： My family is a large one
10、我们家是个大家庭。 My family are watching TV now我们家人现在正在看电视。 17. all 指人时作主语，谓语动词用复数，指全部事情时， 谓语动词用单数。All are here and all is going on very well. 所有的人都在，一切进展顺利。18. none 后接表示人或物的复数名词时， 谓语动词用单复数形式皆可。None of us have (has) ever been abroad.19. means, sheep, deer, species, series works( 工厂), crossroads (十字路口)等单复数同形
11、的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据其单复数而定。All the means have been tried. Every means has been tried.20. a quantity of quantities of 作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据quantity 的单复数形式而定。Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.A quantity of books has been bought since the new school was built.21. the rest of, 分数百分数of名词”结构在句
12、子中作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数一致。如： Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by waterAbout sixty percent of the teachers in this school are women四、 就近原则22、 “名词代词or名词代词 ”结构作主语时，谓语动词一般与 or 后面的名词代词一致。如： He or I am going to attend the meeting他或者我将参加会议。 23、 “名词介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词一般与名词的数一致。 3常用的介词和短语介词有：with ，t
13、ogether with，along with，like，besides，as well as，but，except ，except for，including 等。如： The teacher as well as the students is ready to help othersThe girl together with some boys has gone to plant treesNobody but Tom and Mary was in the classroom 24、由“either or ；neither nor ；not only but also ; not b
14、ut”连接的名词代词作主语时，谓语动词常与最靠近的主语一致。如： Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about itAre either you or I wrong？25. 在 there be 句型中，谓语的数与并列主语中的邻近词保持一致。There is a computer and many books on the desk.There are many books and a computer on the desk. 五、基础练习：1. -Did you go to the show last night ?Ye
15、ah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. (08 陕西)A. were B. have been C. has been D. was2. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were3. A good deal of money _ spent on books.A. have B. has C. have
16、been D. has been4. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have5. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered6 .E-mail, as we
17、ll as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. (上海99)A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play7. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known8. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were9. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize
18、to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be11. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergartenA. is well paid B.
19、are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well12.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been13. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two f
20、ifths; are14. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided15. There _ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be16. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lesson
21、s，_ to go to university. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped17. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. 4A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D.sheeps; grass; leafs18. Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear
22、.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used19. She is the only one of the _ writers who _ stories for children.A. womanwrites B. womenwrites C. womenwrite D. womanwrite20. The professor, together with his son, _ Lanzhou _ Beijing.A. have left for B. has leftfor C. have left to D. has
23、left to.21. Nobody but Sam and John _ in the laboratory.A. are B. had been C. were D. is 22. My family _ having supper when suddenly the bell rang.A. is B. was C. are D. were.23. The singer and dancer _ come to our school.A. have B. has C. were D. was.24. A number of children _ for the teacher to co
24、me now.A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits D. waited25. The wounded _ to the hospital at once.A. were sent B. were send C. is sent D. was send26. More than one person _ late for class this morning.A. are B. was C. is D. were 27. The cattle _ grazing on the grass.A. were B. was C. be D. is 28. The
25、students each _ a dictionary now.A. has B. have C. has got D. had got29. Many a child _ lost their parents.A. has B. have C. is D. are30. Steam and ice _ different forms of water.A. is B. are C. was D. were31. Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.A. is B. are C. was D. were32. _ not only you bu
26、t also he going to Beijing?A. Are B. Is C. Were D. Was33. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview.A. is B. are C. were D. have34. Mary is one of the girls who _ often late for school.A. is B. are C. comes D. get35. Mary is the only one of the girls who _ often late for school.A. is B
27、. are C. comes D. get36. The United Nations _ an organization of independent countries.A. is B. are C. was D. were37. Every means _ been tried.A. have B. has C. is D. were38. Two hours _ not long enough for this test.A. is B. are C. has D. have39. One dollar and eighty-seven cents _ all Della had.A.
28、 is B. was C. are D. were40. Where _ my glasses?A. is B. are C. was D. were541. The Chinese _ brave and hardworking.A. is B. are C. be D. being42. The rich _ always happy.A. is B. are C. is not D. are not43. Reading books _ one wise.A. made B. makes C. make D. have made44. Whether he will be able to
29、 pass the exam _ unknown.A. is B. are C. was D. were45. The class _ in the charge of Mr. Li.A. is B. are C. being D. were46. All _ going on very well.A. is B. are C. were D. be47. Most of the oranges _ sour.A. is B. are C. eats D. eating48. What he has bought for me _ only a few magazines.A. is B. a
30、re C. will be D. have been49. Many a teacher and many a student _ taken part in the stormy discussion.A. was B. were C. have D. has50. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit.A. is B. are C. were D. be51. _ were nice to me when I was in the United States.A. The Browns B. Browns C. The
31、 Browns D. Browns52. I have read a large part of the book, the rest of which _ more difficult.A. is B. are C. read D. is read53. Bread and butter _ a daily food in the west.A. is B. are C. was D. were54. Traffic police _ always very busy.A. is B. are C. was D. were55. Ninety percent of the work _ be
32、en done.A. is B. are C. has D. have56. - Have you heard the latest news? No, what _?A. is it B. is there C. arte they D. are those57. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 58. Professor James
33、 will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided59. A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A. show, are B. shows, is C. show, is D
34、. shows, are60. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to be61. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.A. is B. are C. was D. were62. All the employees except the m
35、anager _ to work online at home.6A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged63. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areI met him first on a summer morning in 1936.I had rushed into his ugl
36、y little shop to 36 the heels(后跟) of my shoes 37 .It wasnt much of a 38 so I waited while he did it. He greeted me with a cheerful smile. “Youre new in this neighborhood, arent you?”I said I was. I had 39 into a house at the end of the street only a week 40 .“This is a fine 41 ” he said,“Youll be ha
37、ppy here.”I sat there with my shoes off, watching as he 42 ready to do the repairs. 43 he looked at the leather covering on the 44 . It was worn through. I grew impatient 45 I was rushing to meet a friend.“Please hurry,” I 46 .He looked at me over his glasses. “Now, lady, we wont be 47 . I want to d
38、o a good job,” He was silent a moment,“You see, I have a tradition to 48 up to.”A 49 ? In this ugly little shoes that was not different from so many others on the side streets of New York?He 50 have felt my surprise, for he smiled as he went on. “Yes, lady, my father and grandfather were 51 in Italy
39、, and they were the best. My father always told me, son, do the 52 job on every shoe that 53 into the shop, and be 54 of your fine work. Do that always, and youll have 55 happiness and money to live on.”36. A. put B. make C. have D. order37. A. repaired B. sold C. knocked D. thrown38. A. work B. job
40、 C. thing D. matter39. A. lived B. got C. stayed D. moved40. A. ago B. before C. since D. early41. A. neighbourhood B. country C. shop D. house42. A. made B. took C. got D. had43. A. Happily B. Sadly C. Proudly D. Angrily44. A. heel B. shoe C. back D. top45. A. that B. while C. when D. because46. A.
41、 order B. begged C. said D. expected47. A. late B. over C. long D. done48. A. look B. keep C. live D. set49. A. job B. tradition C. moment D. shop50. A. couldnt B. should C. wouldnt D. must51. A. businessmen B. shoemakers C. both D. shopkeepers52. A. most B. first C. best D. last53. A. brings B. com
42、es C. sends D. hurries54. A. proud B. kind C. fond D. able55. A. both B. all C. much D. most完形填空：3640 CABDB 4145 ACBAD 4650 BCCBD 5155 BCBAA7阅读理解ATwo runners stand side by side at the starting line of a race. Both look very strong and fast. But one runner speeds ahead and wins the race. The other fa
43、lls behind.Some athletes can reach great goals such as the achievement of an Olympic gold medal. Others never live up to their promise. What kind of preparation before a race or other event makes the difference?Everyone knows that athletes work out to strengthen their bodies. But research shows that
44、 strengthening the mind may be just as important. Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly because they think they can win. Thinking positive thoughts seems to give the edge for success in sports. People who say to themselves over and over, “I know I can do this,” often find they ha
45、ve the advantage to win. On the other hand, people often fail who think, “I cant win.”One procedure that helps many athletes is creating pictures in the mind. They are told to think of each move they must make to win. Some use pictures that are more fanciful. One skater liked to imagine a star burst
46、ing inside her, filling her with energy. Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air.Next time you want to do something well, try training your mind to help you. Perhaps a teacher or other instructors can help you plan your training. If you imagine yourself doing better, you may soon see improvement in what you really can do. Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!65. Which of the following is true?A. It is important to be very strong when the runners are racing.B. When a runner is prepared for a race,
