1、用心 爱心 专心中考英语复习专题主谓一致一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1、语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground. 2.意义上一致 。(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有 people, police, audience 等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不
2、可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单( 不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics 等。 3.就近原则。 谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如 there be 句型或用连词either.or.，neither.nor.,not only.but also 等。二、 主谓一致常考题型 class, family, team 等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room. His family is very big.Li Mings family _ a large
3、 one. Now the whole family _ watching TV.A is is B are are C are is D is are trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors 单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与 a pair of 或 pairs of 连用时，谓语动词与 pair 的数保持一致。如：The pair of glasses fits you well. Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men. 名词性物主代词后的动词
4、单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown. There _ a pair of shoes under the bed, the shoes _ mine.A is are B is is C are is D are are 主语表示事物的总称，即集合名词，如“people，police 等”则谓语动词用复数。The police _ searching the city for the chief. A be B are
5、 C is D has当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. John with his uncle _ going to visit the Summer Palace next month. A are B is C was D wereEveryone here, including children
6、and old people, _ in for sports. A go B going C to go D goesthe+adj 表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The old are going to be looked after well. The poor _ always dreaming _ becoming rich. A are in B is to C is of D are ofand 连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词无冠词。如：A speaker and writer is co
7、ming tomorrow.(同一个人) A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人) 由 and 或 both and连接的名词做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。（若连接的是不可数名词谓语动词也可以用复数形式）Tom and Mike are good friends.Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop用心 爱心 专心Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A invited B was invited C had invite D were i
8、nvitedJenny and her parents _ going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow.A is B are C am D beEvery A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B 作主语时，谓语动词用单数，其中A、B 代表单数名词。No boy and no girl _ allowed to smoke in the middle school. A is B are C has D have The number of+.，谓语动词用单数。A number of+.，谓语动词用复数，
9、相当于 a lot of。如：The number of the students in our class is 50. A number of students are learning Japanese now.- How many students are there in your school?- _ the students in our school _ over 2 thousand.A The number of , is B The number of , are C A number of , is D A number of , areLook! There _ pl
10、aying with the tourists in Yinhe Square.A are a number of deer B are a number of deersC is a number of deer D is a number of deers 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Behind the house are some trees. There _ many different kinds of food in the shop. A are B is C has D have- I will go to Hainan for a visit. -
11、_ A So do I B So I do C So will I D So I will表示数量的 one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的 n/pron 决定。而 one of+n/pron 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten. _ of them _ league members.A
12、 Two fives is B Two fifths are C Second fifth are C Two five areAbout one third of them _ men teachers. A have B has C are D is 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone,everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. Something is wrong with h
13、im. Nobody was in. Nothing _ different in the world, _ it? A are arent B are are C is isnt D is is Listen! Someone _ outside. A sing B sings C is singing D are singing 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. Ten miles isnt a
14、long distance. Five minus four is one. Ten kilometers _ way. A is quite a long B are quite long C is a quite long D are quite a long关系代词 who, that, which 在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。如：Those who want to go have signed their names here. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由 or, eitheror， neithernor, not only
15、but also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。用心 爱心 专心Either my wife or I am going 。Neither you nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果 either, each, neither 作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting.用 o
16、ne, every one, each one, any one, either, neither 等+of+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is pretty.Neither of the two brothers _ with their parents.A live B are living C like to live D lives_ of us has an English-Chinese dictionary. A Every B Both C
17、Each D All不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To teach is to learn.Playing with fire is dangerousDoing eye exercises _ good for your health. A are B is C have D hasTo design new machines _ his job. A is B are C does D doIt rained heavily this morning, but _ of my classmates were away from school.A neither B non
18、e C all D both由“a kind of，this kind of， many kinds of”以及由与 kind 意思相似的 type，sort 等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词与 of 前的名词保持一致。A kind of birds has been discovered by themA new type of machines _ on show now. A is B are C has D haveMany kinds of furniture _ being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.A is B are C having
19、 D was【走出主谓一致的三大误区】句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。误区一 误认主语1. 倒装句Between the two buildings are a big tree. （） Between the two buildings is a big tree. （）2. 主语之后带有介词短语The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health
20、. （）The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （）3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （）There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （）4. 定语从句I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （）I like the photo
21、s which were taken in Beijing. （）误区二 被主语的表象迷惑1. 看似复数却表单数概念Maths are my favourite subject. （） Maths is my favourite subject. （）类似的有：physics，news，politics . . .2. 看似单数却表复数概念用心 爱心 专心The police is searching for the robbers. （ ）The police are searching for the robbers. （）3. 名词的单复数同形There are a little she
22、ep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （）There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （）4. 集合名词Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （）Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （）误区三 误用语言规则1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语Ten years are qu
23、ite a long time. （）Ten years is quite a long time. （）2. 由 and 连接的并列主语 The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （） The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （）3. 就近原则Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （） Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （）4.
24、this kind of， a piece of，this pair of 等短语作主语This pair of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （）This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （）1. Three years _ (have) pased since we met last time, and three years _ (be) a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going t
25、o take part in the game?3. Both men and women _ (have) complained about the advertisement. 4. The family _ (be) watching TV when I came into the room. 5. But not all the information _ (is) good to society. 6. One evening she told me that something happened when her parents _（be) out. 7. There _ (is)
26、 a table, several chairs in the old house. 8. The great writer and professor _ (is) going to our school next week. 9. The scientist and the engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. Alice, together with her friends, _ (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 11. Every girl and every boy
27、 _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. - _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting? - Neither she nor I _ (be). 13. - Is there anybody in the classroom?- No, the teacher as well as the students _ (have) gone to the playground.14.Nobody but Tome and John_(be) there twice in the past tw
28、elve years.15. Every man and every woman _ (is, are ) to take part in the election. 16. Neither Bob nor the boys _ (likes; like) green vegetables. 17. More than 70% of the surface of the earth _ (is; are ) covered with water. 18. None of them _ (has; have )watched the program Talk It Like It Is. 19.
29、 One hundred years _ (is; are )not a short time in history. 20. There _ (is; are ) three dogs, one cat and four mice under the big tree. 21. The teacher, together with his students, _ (is; are ) visiting the university. 用心 爱心 专心22. Either Albert or Dick _ ( want; wants ) nuts and apples to go with the ice cream. 23. Everyone who _ (comes; come) to visit _ (see; sees) that the chips _ (have; has) been eaten by Edward. 24. Davids family _ ( is; are ) wondering whether there _ (are; is) anything that they can do. 25.Collecting stamps _ (be)my hobby.
