1、1III、语言学知识练习 150 题1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? A. Language is a system.B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have languages.D. Language is arbitrary.2. Which of the following is NOT a constituent? A. I like the song.B. I.C. Song.D. Like.3. Of the following sound
2、 combinations, only is permissible.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk4. The relation between the determiner “this” and the noun “man” in the phrase “this man” is A. governmentB. concordC. bindingD. paradigmatic5. The sentence that has a NP and a VP is mostly shown in a formula “S NP + VP”.A. hierarchicalB
3、. linearC. tree diagramD. vertical6. “Big” and “small” are a pair of opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse7. Which of the following phrases is exocentric? A. women and menB. on the tableC. a clever boyD. an ugly man28. Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by A. Chomsky
4、B. HallidayC. FirthD. Saussure9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair? A. cat / batB. put / butC. jig / pigD. sit / bit10. Which function is the major role of Language? A. InformativeB. InterpersonalC. PerformativeD. Emotive11. If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are of the sa
5、me phoneme.A. symbolsB. allophonesC. phonesD. signs12. Which branch of study cannot be included in the scope of Linguistics? A. SyntaxB. PragmaticsC. PhoneticsD. Anthropology13. Atom is a word of origin.A. LatinB. GreekC. ArabicD. Spanish14. The distinction of langue and parole is made by A. HallB.
6、SapirC. ChomskyD. Saussure15. are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. Roots3B. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds16. is the study of the relationship between symbols and their interpreter.A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Sociolinguistics17. is the defining properties of uni
7、ts like nouns (number, gender, case, etc.) and verbs (tense, aspect, voice, etc.)A. Parts of speechB. Word classesC. CategoriesD. Function of words18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. allophones19. The function of language is one of the most po
8、werful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.A. performativeB. phaticC. recreational D. emotive20. The term may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods
9、 of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic linguisticsB. comparative linguisticsC. diachronic linguisticsD. historical comparative linguistics21. examines how meaning is encoded in a language.A. SemanticsB. SyntaxC. PragmaticsD. Morphology22. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic compet
10、ence of the speaker as 4A. paroleB. languageC. systemD. langue23. The fundamental distinction between competence and performance is discussed by A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. BloomfieldD. Austin24. An affix can be added to certain type of to form a new word.A. infixB. affixC. stemD. word25. In a sentence,
11、 which of the following is usually NOT stressed? A. NounsB. VerbsC. PrepositionsD. Adjectives26. The maxim of requires that a participants contribution be relevant to the conversation.A. quantityB. qualityC. mannerD. relation27. The relationship between “meat” and “meet” is A. synonymyB. antonymyC.
12、polysemyD. hononymy28. That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the view of concerning the study of meaning.A. socialistB. conceptualistC. contextualistD. behaviorist29. What are the dual structure of language? A. Sounds and letters5B. Sounds and meaningC. Letters and mean
13、ingD. Sounds and symbols30. Where are the vocal cords? A. In the mouthB. In the nasal cavityC. Above the tongueD. Inside the larynx31. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? A. Language is a means of verbal communication.B. Language is some arbitrary symbols.C. The language sy
14、stem is unique to human beings.D. Language is yet to be understood.32. studies the sound systems in a certain language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Syntax33. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.A. RootB. AllomorphC. MorphemeD. Word34. A
15、speakers actual utterance in Chomskys terminology is called A. deep structureB. linguistic universalsC. universal grammarD. surface structure 35. A word with several meanings is called word.A. a polysemousB. a synonymousC. an abnormalD. a multiple36. The study of how sounds are put together and used
16、 to convey meaning in communication is A. general linguisticsB. phonology6C. semanticsD. morphology37. Leech divided meanings into types.A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 738. English has managed to widen her vocabulary by borrowing words from other languages EXCEPT A. FrenchB. KoreanC. LatinD. Greek39. Distinctive fe
17、atures are used to describe A. phonesB. phonologyC. allophonesD. phonemes40. The English word “untouchable” is composed of morphemes.A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five41. The process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together is called A. compoundingB. clippingC. ac
18、ronymD. blending42. “The Adams Apple” is A. a kind of appleB. related to AdamC. the front part of larynxD. on the top of larynx43. The founder of modern linguistics is A. ChomskyB. Halliday7C. BloomfieldD. Saussure44. Modern linguistics focuses on the present day language, and it will be possible to
19、 describe language from a perspective.A. sociologicalB. synchronicC. diachronicD. psychological45. The four major modes of semantic change are A. extension, narrowing, meaning shift and class shiftB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degr
20、adationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation46. In the production of consonants at least articulators are involved.A. oneB. twoC. three D. four47. The basic unit in the study of morphology is A. the internal structureB. morphemeC. the rules by which words are formedD. word48. The rel
21、ation between “food” and “bread” is called A. synonymyB. polysemyC. hononymyD. hoponymy49. Voiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are A. closedB. apartC. totally closedD. completely open50. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A. Pencil boxB. UnreasonableC. Deadline8D. Upstairs
22、 51. involve more than one manners of articulation.A. StopsB. FricativesC. AffricatesD. Laterals52. Which is NOT true for the vowel /i/? A. HighB. UnroundedC. MidD. Front53. The sentence “I apologize!” belongs to the category of according to the speech act theory.A. expressiveB. performativeC. repre
23、sentativeD. constative54. General linguistics is the scientific study of A. language of a certain individualB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in A. the place of articulationB. the obstructi
24、on of airstreams C. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips56. studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and received.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonics57. sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.A. VelarB. PalatalC. GlottalD. Alveolar958. is co
25、ncerned with the study of the actual use of language in communication.A. SociolinguisticsB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Synchronic linguistics59. Where is the primary stress of the word “phonology”? A. phoB. noC. loD. gy60. refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. L
26、ocutionary actB. Illocutinary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act61. Which of the following words is built by abbreviation? A. SmogB. FridgeC. MotelD. Edit62. What is the full form of LAD? A. Language associative districtB. Language acquisition districtC. Language associative deviceD. Language acq
27、uisition device63. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as A. + amimate, + human, +male, adultB. + animate, + human, +male, + adultC. + animate, + human, -male, - adultD. + animate, + human, -male, + adult64. A(n) is the smallest unit of sound in a language, which can distingui
28、sh two words.A. morphemeB. soundC. phonemeD. allophone65. Productivity is one of the features of languages.10A. distinctiveB. designC. suprasegmentalD. pragmatic66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: /b/, /p/, /m/? A. VoicelessB. VoicedC. NasalD. Bilabial67. Which of the following items
29、 is NOT one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns? A. GenderB. NumberC. CaseD. Voice68. In the word “internationalism”, which part is the root? A. interB. nationC. alD. ism69. “Voiced fricatives voiceless / voiceless” is a . A. phonological ruleB. syntactic ruleC. phrase structure ruleD.
30、 functional rule70. The word “pen” originally meant “feather used for writing with ink”. Now it refers to any device used for writing with ink. This is an example of A. degradation of meaningB. broadening of meaningC. narrowing of meaningD. elevation of meaning71. The word “smog” is formed through A
31、. breakformationB. blendingC. clippingD. derivation72. In general, language acquisition refers to childrens development of their language.A. first11B. secondC. dialectal D. individualized 73. Which of the following statements is NOT true for vowels? A. Vowels are sonorants.B. In the production of vo
32、wels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. Vowels are also called obstruents.74. All syllables must have a(n) . A. codaB. onsetC. nucleusD. consonant75. Lkaps is not a possible word form in English due to .A. sonority scaleB. phonological ruleC. s
33、yntactic ruleD. morphological rule76. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chomskys TG Grammar? A. InnatenessB. Deductive methodologyC. Emphasis on interpretationD. Emphasis on stimulus-response reinforcement77. “Judo” is of origin.A. ScottishB. KoreanC. JapaneseD. Chinese78. Which of t
34、he following is the major cause of invention of new lexical items? A. The rapid development of science and technologyB. The way of language teachingC. The way of childrens language acquisitionD. Economic activities79. In Chomskys TG Grammar, which theory focuses discussion on government and binding?
35、 A. The Classical TheoryB. The Standard TheoryC. The Extended Standard Theory12D. The Revised Extended Standard Theory80. When the suffix is added to a verb, it changes this verb into an adjective.A. lessB. nessC. fullyD. er81. The function of the sentence “Lovely weather, isnt it?” is A. informativ
36、eB. phaticC. performativeD. recreational 82. Once the notion of was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels? A. The part of the tongue that is held highestB. The openness o
37、f the mouthC. The vibration of the vocal cordsD. The shape of the lips84. There are maxims under the cooperative principle.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 585. Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of elements.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 586. “Buy” and “sell” form a pair of A. converse antonymsB. gradable antonymsC. compleme
38、ntary antonymsD. marked antonyms1387. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be A. minimal pairB. minimal setC. distinctive phonemesD. distinctive features88. is a phrase which can only be understoo
39、d as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.A. CollocationB. IdiomC. Semantic componentD. Synonym89. The well-known formula: S r. s R was put forward by A. BloomfieldB. FirthC. HockettD. Harris90. is a pair of complementary antonyms.A. Wild and tameB. Nimble and lameC. Co
40、ld and warmD. Alive and dead91. Firths second important contribution to linguistics is his method of prosodic analysis, called A. prosodic phonologyB. feature geometryC. optimality phonologyD. supersegmental phonology92. Which of the following is NOT a Suprasegmental feature? A. SyllableB. StressC.
41、ToneD. Voicelessness93. The s in drums is A. a morphemeB. a stemC. a rootD. an inflectional affix1494. The word bodyguard is a A. compound wordB. complex wordC. derivational wordD. free morpheme95. In English, the gender distinctions are A. not related to real world entitiesB. on the whole natural C
42、. divided into Feminine, Masculine and NeuterD. divided into Feminine and Masculine96. Hallidays Systemic-Functional Grammar takes as the object of study.A. actual uses of languageB. ideal speakers linguistic competenceC. childrens languageD. adults language97. Which of the following English sounds
43、is NOT bilabial? A. / b / B. / m / C. / p / D. / f /98. can be used independently without being combined with other morphemes.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. AffixesD. Roots99. Which of the following words is a derivational one? A. BlackboardB. SingsC. AstonishmentD. Boys100. John Austin propo
44、sed in the late 1950s.A. Speech Act TheoryB. 7 types of meaningC. Cooperative PrincipleD. Predication Analysis101. WTO is A. an abbreviation15B. an acronymC. a word which is formed by blendingD. a word which is formed by backformation102. For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of psychology and spe
45、cifically of the brand of psychology known as A. behaviorismB. structuralismC. competenceD. performance103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. / w / B. / m / C. / b /D. / p / 104. is NOT a grammatical category of English verbs.A. TenseB. AspectC. NumberD. Gender105. All words co
46、ntain a A. rootB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix106. Of the following word formation processes, is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation107. practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees languag
47、e in terms of function.A. The London SchoolB. American structuralismC. The Prague SchoolD. The TG Grammar108. is NOT included in Leechs associative meaning.A. Connotative meaning16B. Social meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Thematic meaning109. deals with the relationship between the linguistic elemen
48、t and non-linguistic world of experience.A. SenseB. ReferenceC. SymbolD. Thought110. Luggage and baggage are synonyms.A. dialectal B. stylisticC. semantically differentD. collocational111. The maxim of quality requires: do not say what you believe to be A. falseB. trueC. indirectD. insufficient112. Knight originally meant youth, but now it means a medieval gentleman soldier. This is a meaning A. broadeningB. narrowingC. meaning shiftD. class shift113. Expressions like “Tom” or “He” can both be filled in the blank of the sentence “ is missing.” So Tom and He have relation.A. syntagmat
