1、 中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 1龙文教育学科导学案（第 次课）教师: 学生: 年级: 日期: 星期: 时段: 课 题 主谓一致学情分析教学目标与考点分析1.掌 握 主 谓 一 致 三 原 则2.掌 握 主 语 为 特 定 词 、 短 语 、 从 句 以 及 并 列 结 构 作 主 语 时 谓 语 的 形 式教学重点 主 谓 一 致 三 原 则 中 的 三 原 则教学方法 讲述法 练习法 学习内容与过程一、 主谓一致（一）语法一致I 随前原则：1. 主语后面带有 as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but,
2、except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, combined with, in addition to, accompanied with 等词连接的名词, 根据语法一致的原则, 谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。如：The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in chemistry in the lab at that time.2. 以下这些结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 前
3、的名词: the amount of, (large) amounts of, the number of, a quantity of, quantities of, a mass of, masses of。用 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：A large amount of money was spent on the great bridge.Large amounts of money were spent on the great bridge.A series of acci
4、dents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 练习：1.It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.A.are being built B.were being built C.was being built D.is being built2. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities r
5、ising steadily since 1990.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been3. Listen to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have 4. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going to C.was going to D.were going toI
6、I 随后原则：1. 取决于 of 后的名词的：all of, half of, some of, the rest of, plenty of, a part of, enough of, none of, most of, a lot of, lots of, mass of, a world of, a flood of, a percentage of, two thirds of, per cent of, a large amount of, heaps of, a proportion of+名词等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与 of 后面的名词 /代词保持一致。例如： Most of
7、 his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 22. 如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由 more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent o
8、f the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。 III 其他的1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. /What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading
9、in the sun is bad for your eyes. w注意 ：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classma
10、tes. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意 ： 若 and 所连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。但如果指同一个人或物、同一件事或同一个概念时（共用一个冠词） ，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式，此时，第二个名词前没有冠词。例如：The writer and artist has come. The writer and the artist have come. 由 each.and(each).;every.
11、and(every).;no.and(no).;no.or.;many a .and(many a).连接时，其谓语动词要用单数 形式。例如：Every student and every teacher was in the room / No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.3、 either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。例如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything aroun
12、d us is matter.注意 ： 在口语中当 either 或 neither 后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：None of us has (have) been to America.4、在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：He is one of my f
13、riends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.4、 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。例如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意 ：1）有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语
14、动词只用复数形式。常见此类名词有：people, police, cattle(牛), folk, youth, mankind, vermin(害虫 ), personnel(全体人员), clergy(神职人员), militia(民兵), gentry(绅士们)等名词一般都用作复数。例如：The police are looking for the lost child.2）无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见此类名词有：scenery, weaponry, machinery, clothing, poetry, jewelry, millinery, underwear
15、, glasswear 等。例如： Much of her jewelry was missing.6、单复数名词同型的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据句义来确定。 常见此类名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, antelope, salmon, trout 等。例如：Every means has been tried.The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的通讯工具都中断了
16、。7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, shorts(短裤), woods, savings, compasses, belongings, thanks, jeans, surroundings, effects, goods, gloves, customs, shades,等常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语用 复数，但如果这些名词前有 pair 等量词修饰时，谓语动词单复数要根据 pair 等量词的单复数来决定。中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 4例如：My glasses are broken. / The pair o
17、f shoes under the bed is his.注：pains(辛苦)虽为复数形式，但不可用 many 修饰，要用 great, much, a great deal of 等修饰，谓语动词用单复数均可。例如：Much pains has(/have) been taken to keep the plan secret.练习：1.The police _ the black in winter.A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on2.Some people a lot of money on clothes.A. spend B.spends
18、C.spent D.have spent3.Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.A.raise B.raises C.raising D.raised4.who (be) your close friend，will try my best to help you out of trouble.5. The old man _ (be) well looked after by the government in China.6.Your parents （be）waiting for you in my office.就近原则 ：在英语句子
19、中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror连用时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。例如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?2. there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
20、例如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意 ：Here 引导的句子用法同上。练习：1. you or he to drive ?A. Is B. Are C. Were D. Was2. One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been意义一致 ：1、what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。例如：Which is your bag? / Which are your b
21、ags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（
22、也可用复数。例如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、形复意单类：一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics, electronics, classics, ethics, linguistics, plastics, AIDS, mathematics 以及某些形式
23、上是复数，实际为单数的名词 news, works，gallows(绞架)等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.7. 表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布, 运动会等专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。例如：The Olympic Games are held once every four years.w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m 8. 少数名词如 means, works, pains, 等作主
24、语时, 谓语动词单复数根据所表达的概念而定。例如： Every means has been tried.All possible means have been tried.9. 数词 one 后跟 in, of, out of, 引起的介词词组作主语是时, 谓语动词一般用单数。例如：One out of twenty was badly damaged.中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 5练习：1.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D.
25、Were2.Whether to go on or return not known. A.are B.is C.were D.was3.Time and tide for no man. A.waits B.waited D.waiting D.have waited4. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have二、 名词和代词的一致代词需与其所替代的或修饰的名词应在人称和性别上保持一致，如：No one can do it himself.Something strange has happened, didnt i
26、t?The owner and the captain discussed it with their colleagues.The owner and captain discussed it with his colleagues三、 分词逻辑主语的一致表示时间、条件、伴随等的分词的逻辑主语必须同所在句中的主语保持一致。如：Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.翻译成英语，这个句子的词序就完全不同了。注： 若表时间、条件、伴随的分词的逻辑主语和句中的主
27、语不一致时，需在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。如： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 四、 并列结构中成分的一致1. 为使句子前后保持平衡和协调，句中的并列成分应在结构上保持一致。同一句中的并列主语，谓语等在语法等方面要求对应。Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 2. 在比较结构中，被比较的事物应是同等成分。The students in our departme
28、nt are fewer than those in their department 我们系的学生比他们系的学生少。The climate, of Beijing is not so changeable as that of the seaside town.北京的天气不像那座海滨小城的天气那么多变。五、 倒装结构中主谓一致在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后面，这时要注意辨认主语，谓语动词要同主语保持一致。如：After the exams is the time for rest. 考完试就可以休息了。In the margins was written some
29、thing in red ink. 有人在行间用红笔写了些词句。课内练习与训练1、Nothing but cars in the shop.A. is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D.are known3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.A. is B. are C. comes D.
30、are coming4、 of the money used up.AThree-five, are BThree-fifths, have been CThree-fifths, has been DThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people who _cars increasing.A. owns, are B. owns, is C. own, is D. own, are6、One of Marxs works written in English in the 1860s.Awas Bwere Cwould be Dare7、The shee
31、ts for your bed washing.Aneeds Bare needing Cwant Dare wanting8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.Astands Bgrow Cis standing Dare grown9、Some person calling for you at the gate.Aare Bis Cis being Dwill be中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 610、All that can be eaten eaten up.Aare being Bhas been Chad b
32、een Dhave been11、Toms teacher and friend Mr. Smith.Aare Bis Care being Dhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.A.doesnt fit B.dont fit C.doesnt fit for D.dont fit for13、Neither he nor I for the plan.Aam Bare Cis Dwere14、Many a student that mistake before.A has made B. have made C. has been made
33、 D. had made15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.Ais Bare Cwere Dseems16、Laying eggs the ant queens full-time job.Ais Bare Chas Dhave17、Between the two buildings a monument.Astand Bstands Cstanding Dis standing18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow. Aam Bis Care D
34、was19、The United Nations in 1945. wA.were found B.were founded C. was founded D.was found20、 were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths21、The police a prisoner.Ais searching for Bare searching for Cis searching Dare searched for22、Deer faster than dogs.Arun Bruns Care ru
35、nning Dwill run23、The wounded good care of here now.A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is taking24、The whole class greatly moved at his words.Awas Bwere Chad Dis25、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.Awas Bis Care Dwill be26、His family music lovers.Aall are Bare all Cis Dare
36、 being27、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.Awas Bis Cwere Dhad been28、More than one answer to the question.A.have been given B.has been given C.were given D.had given29、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school.Aare Bis Cwere D
37、was30、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.A.were made B.are made C.has been made D.were making课外练习与测试1. With so much work his head all day long, he feels rather stressed in his daily life.A.filled B.to fill C.filling D.being filled2. She explained to me personal computers let everyone explo
38、re their own ideas.A.that B.how C.what D.where3. alone in the dark room, the little girl was so frightened as to cry loudly.A. Leaving B. Left C. Having left D. To be left4. -How much did the guy you to fix your 3G mobile phone?中小学 1 对 1 课外辅导专家龙文教育教务管理部 1- I dont remember, but it was quite a lot.A.c
39、ost B.spend C.charge D.take5. The reason his coming to China is he wants to stay in China.A. Why;that B.why;because C.for;that D.for;because6. Mr. Smith advised us to a written agreement even if it was just a small deal.A.hold on B.insist on C.believe in D.rely on7. I suggested to my mother that she
40、 a drawing club after her retirement from teaching.A.join B.joins C.joined D.would join8. He says he really cant to wait another day.A.waste B.afford C.spare D.pay9. Sorry, you lost your purse; I hope it will some day.A.turn out B.show off C.show up D.turn up10. -Why did you eat your words,Billy?-So
41、rry, dear. But I really forgot where I was to meet you.A.demand B.imagine C.supposed D.guessed11. She shouldnt be working so hard-She is 70, .A.in any case B.above all C.in a way D.after all12. We have to study for a bright future, so we have to lose some sleep were worn out.A.in case B.as though C.
42、as long as D.even though13. Johns aunt seems to find everything.A.wrong to B.fault with C.fault in D.mistakes in14. What did you that camera you found?A.do with B.deal with C.do about D.deal about15. you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as学生对本次课的评价1、满意程度评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字： 家长回访课后小结学生一句话评语（试行）教师签字： 审阅签字: 教务主任签字: 时 间: 龙文教育教务处
