1、诗经天命观的历史演进中文诗经作为我国最早的诗歌总集，又曾经被目为经典。 诗经天命观上承商代的神学天命观，下启孔子的“仁学”和孟子的“仁政”的意识形态学说，是中国意识形态发展史上的重要阶段。本文在阐述天命观研究意义之后，第一章主要内容是诗经天命观的思想背景，进而通过第二章诗经不同时期表现出来的天命观思想进行阐述分析，以深化天命观的中国传统文化的内涵，展现“人”与“仁”的呈现、成长过程。周初伴随殷商灭亡而承继的神学天命观，加之统治者智慧的灵光推崇的以德配天、敬德保民，表明人主要靠自己的德行来决定命运，不能完全依靠“天”了，人的哲学产生了。而统治者德行的修养在意识形态上，则是萌生了以民为本的民本主义
2、思想。他们对现实人事的理智注重似乎已高于对神的盲目崇敬了，特别是道德转移的思想，也是中国文化传统中“天人合一”的萌芽。自西周后期开始动摇的天帝鬼神的权威观念在进入春秋时代以后受到了越来越多的怀疑， 诗经中表现出关注现实，关注和表现日常生活中人们的各种感受，后来一些怨天责天之辞，更是人们理性思维的呈现，一种自觉意识的清醒。最后，阐述先秦诸子尤其是原始儒家的“仁”学思想，以孔孟为代表。以德配天说、敬德保民说、诗亡而春秋作说等等，它们的交汇焦点突出中国文化的“仁”学取向在诗经中的演化路径，同时这也说明天命观深厚的传统文化色彩。本论文在分析诗经天命观演化的历史过程中，把天、命、德、人、仁紧密结合起来，
3、宏观把握天命演变轨迹，将这种文化价值倾向与中国传统意识形态、传统文论的基本价值取向联系起来进行论述，结合意识形态的政权合法性功能，阐述中国文学的人文性。译文The Book of Songs, for the earliest anthology of ancient poems, is regarded as classic. The Theory of Heaven and Destiny in the Book of Songs, which inherited the theory in Shang Dynasty that the destiny was controlled by
4、the mind of the God and guided the ideology including the doctrine of goodness by Confucius and the policy of benevolence by Mencius ,is an important stage in the history of Chinese ideology . After indicating the research meaning of the Theory of Heaven and Destiny, the thesis consists of three ch
5、apters in main body to elaborate this theory in the Book of Songs. Chapter one offers the ideological background of the Theory of Heaven and Destiny in the Book of Songs. Moreover, chapter two analyzes the Theory of Heaven and Destiny expressed by the Book of Songs in different Dynasties, which will
6、 deepen the Chinese traditional connotations and expose the presentation and development of “people” and “goodness”. In the early Zhou Dynasty, it marked the emergence of human philosophy that people should decide their own destiny by themselves rather than God, which was interpreted by the theory t
7、hat destiny was controlled by the mind of the God and the theory of “Match God with Morality” and “Moral Respecting and People Protection” esteemed by the ruler. The rulers moral accomplishments promoted the people oriented ideology. They preferred peoples wisdom to Blind worship for the God. Moreov
8、er, the moral transfer was also the sprout of “People Unified on God” in Chinese culture tradition. The authoritative opinion to God and Ghost, which was shaken since the late period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was doubted in the Spring and Autumn Dynasty. The Book of Songs concerned the reality an
9、d peoples feeling in ordinary life and complained the God; it marked the presentation of peoples rational thoughts and meant the waking of conscious mind. The last Chapter refers to the theory of “Goodness” by pre-Qin scholars, especially the original Confucian delegated by Confucius and Mencius.The
10、 opinion in the Book of Songs, such as “Match God with Morality” and “Moral Respecting and People Protection”, clarifies the evolution route of orientation of theory to “Goodness”. Meanwhile, it means the profound tradition of theory of the order from God. This thesis intends to discuss the humanism of Chinese literature by means of analyzing the developing history of the Theory of Heaven and Destiny in the Book of Songs.
