1、1必修 4 必背语言知识总结Behave yourself; don t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩 behaviour towards/to. 对的态度/ 行为 He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was
2、 a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。achieve an aim / goal 达到目标 achieve success 获得成功 The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事( 已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 under observation 被监
3、视If you don t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能受到别人尊重呢? I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect 出于尊敬Don t argue with your mother.
4、不要和母亲争辩。I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。重点用法argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护 argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人/某事) 而辩护argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人( 为某事)而争吵 argue that. 主张argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 Is this bridge st
5、rong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗?He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀着他。重点用法support sb./ a family 支持某人 / 赡养家庭support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/ 事物support oneself 自力更生 give support t
6、o sb. 支持、支援某人I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了。I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。重点用法intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某 sth. be intended for (某物) 是为而准备的intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend sth. as/to be 打算让某物作用 intend that. 打算 The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子
7、是在一个医疗站接生的。Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 杨同志致开幕词。重点用法deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩 delivere sth. to 把某物送到express delivery 快递 on delivery 送达时，货到时She looks down on people whove never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。You can t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。重点用法 look 短
8、语：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as 把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth 警惕或留心某人/物We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。 She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我
9、们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。重点用法2refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向求助 I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。短语归纳 come 短语：come about = happen 发生 come from 来自come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透
10、露；显出 come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth 找到或提出（答案 办法等）Carry on (working/with your work) while Im away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做工作。They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 短语归纳 carry 短语：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续 (做)某事 carry out 贯彻，执行carry out a plan/orders/instructions 执行计划/ 命令/指示 ca
11、rry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry about 随身携带 carry away 运走, 使失去自制力They live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。短语归纳 “v. + 同源宾语”结构：smile a. smile 露出微笑 dream a. dream 做了个的梦 sleep a. sleep 睡个觉 sing a. song 唱的歌die a. death 怎样地死去 fight a. battle 打的仗laugh a. laugh 发出方式的笑声动名词做主语的用法：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)
12、 。如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/n
13、o good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。2). It s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。以“only+状语 (通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：Only after my friend
14、 came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。注意：如果以“only+ 主语” 开头的句子不用倒装，如：Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。Only in this way can we learn English better. 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语
15、学得更好。as.as possible = as. as one can “尽可能” ，第一个 as 可接 adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或 much/little + n.u，如：Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。You should make as few
16、mistakes as you can in your writing. 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。In order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。3Following the teachers advice, I made rapid progress in English learning. 听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。Only when you spare no effort can you make gr
17、eat progress.只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。Only when we came to realize the importance of our living environment can we be aware of the fact that preserving nature is preserving our home.只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。The book is about their
18、 struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。词语归纳struggle for 为而斗争 struggle with / against 与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to one s feet 挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle 生死搏斗They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。重点用法equip sb./
19、sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。重点用法regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/ 告诉/宣布/ 通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret tha
20、t 遗憾/后悔He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从 98 公斤减少到 92 公斤。The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。重点用法reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物从减少到 reduce sth. by. 减少多少Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。重点用法focus
21、 on 集中于 focus (one s attention/mind/efforts) on 集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。“Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?” “无可奉告。 ”重点用法comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/ 不进行评论Thanks to your help, much trouble wa
22、s saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。重点用法thanks to 相当于 because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. The tr
23、ain arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. Thanks to him, I m getting better and better . It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医
24、生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 重点用法 rid 短语：be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务类似用法动词4inform/ warn/ cure sb. of 通知/ 警告/治愈某人I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。重点用法sth. satisfy sb. 某事使
25、某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对表示满足或满意be satisfied to do 对做感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做感到满意a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客feel a sense of satisfaction 感到满足感 to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的a satisfactory e
26、xplanation / performance 令人满意的解释/ 演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 从自己的工作中得到满足I d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。 ”重点用法would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to
27、) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事) would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事She d rather die than lose the children. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。lead to 导致；造成（后果） ；通往 This misprin
28、t led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。短语归纳 lead 短语：lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受( 影响 /伤害) ；使不含(有害物) We should
29、 keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974 年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 解释 不定式放在表示次序的词 the first, the last, the best 以及 the only,
30、 the very, the right 等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/. + n. + to do sth.第一个/ 最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/ 恰好的做某事的人/物，如：He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生） 。The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船
31、长。make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.We make it a rule to do some English prac
32、tice before class.Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?He has various of hobbies, such as playing basketball, reading novels, singing English songs, collecting stamps, of which he likes collecting stamps
33、best. 他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，唱英语歌曲，集邮，他最喜欢收集邮票。5句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句 Students enjoy whatever is new in their life.学生喜欢生活中任何新的东西。Through exams, students will learn what their weak points are and then study even harder.通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句Located in the centre of the city, the
34、 park provides much enjoyment to the citizens.位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.u满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的As there s no cream, we ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了。He is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状。content oneself with sth. 满足或满意於某事物 be/fee
35、l content with 对感到满足 be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 to one s heart s content 尽情地；心满意足地astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 The news astonished everybody. 这个消息令大家惊讶。I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound. 我被那些巨大的声响吓了一跳。be astonished at/by sth. 因/被感到惊讶 be astonished to do
36、sth. 对做某事感到惊讶It astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是 be astonished that 对感到惊讶entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?entertain sb.
37、with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的We convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢?convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. that 使某人相信 be convin
38、ced of / that 坚信；确信direct vt.(被告的)答辩；辩护常用结构：in defence of保卫；为辩护注意:defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词 against；若后接“被保护者” 时用介词 of。The forest will act as a defence against desert dust. 森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。This fort was once the main defence of the island. 这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施。The defence of the accused was rather weak
39、. 被告人的辩护软弱无力。defend v. 防护；辩护；防守；保卫The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea. 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。closeadv. 接近地；靠近地；紧密地（常与介词to连用）adj. 近的；接近的；( 关系)密切的；严密的； (尤指比赛)势均力敌的v. 结束；关闭；关His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近这个工厂。curiousadj.好奇的，感兴趣的；奇异的，不同寻常的The foreign tourists w
40、ere surrounded by the curious children. 外国游客被一群好奇的孩子包围7着。He is suffering from a curious disease. 他患了一种奇怪的病。 常用结构：be curious about 对感到好奇be curious to do 急于做/极想做联想拓展curiosity n.好奇curiously adv. 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇I asked out of mere curiosity. 我只不过是出于好奇问问罢了。 likely adj. 可能的（表示可能性很大时，可用most ，very修
41、饰likely ）常用结构：It is likely that sb. .=sb.is likely to do.某人可能做某事not likely (表示坚决不同意 )绝不可能；绝对不会lose face丢脸，丢人Youll lose face if you dont keep your promise. 你如果没有遵守诺言，会丢脸的。When Tom failed to beat his opponent, he felt he had lost face with his friends. 汤姆没能打败对手，这让他在朋友面前很丢脸。lose heart 泄气；灰心lose ones he
42、art to 爱上；钟情于lose weight 减肥lose ones way 迷路lose ones life 丧生lose courage 丧失勇气lose sight of 看不见I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。looking around是现在分词作伴随状语,伴随状语的特点:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper
43、. 他坐在扶手椅里读报纸。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。All is not gold that glisters. 发光的并不都是金子。I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 vary vi.&vt. 有变化；改变 variety n. 变化；种种；种类 Their hobbies are many and various. 他们的业余爱好五花八门。There are various colou
44、rs to choose from. 有各种各样的颜色可供选择。many and various 各种各样的 (多作表语) for various reasons 由於种种原因a considerable/great/wide variety of 各种各样的 in a variety of ways 用种种方法a variety of + n.(复数) 各种各样的 varieties of + n. (可数或不可数) 各种各样的amusement n. 娱乐品；娱乐；快乐 amuse v. 使消遣；逗(某人) 笑China s Cultural Theme Park offers its v
45、isitors a variety of amusement. 中华民俗园为游人提供了各种各样的娱乐项目。To her great amusement the actor s wig fell off. 使她感到极其好笑的是那个演员的假发掉了下来。amuse oneself with 以自娱 be amused at/by/with. 以为乐，被某事物逗得开心8be amused to do. 做取乐 to one s amusement 使某人高兴/发笑的是 swing (swung, swung) vt.&vi.摇摆；摆动 n.c摇摆；千秋His arms swung / He swung
46、 his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。The girl sat on a swing, swinging back and forth. 那个女孩坐在千秋上，前后摇摆。swing around/round 突然转向相反方向 swing sb from sth to sth (使某人) 突然改变观点或情绪等fun n.u 有趣的人或事，玩笑，娱乐 funny adj.可笑的，有趣的，滑稽的Skating is good fun. 滑冰很有趣。Your friend is great fun. 你的朋友真逗趣。What fun it is to do sth. 做某事
47、多有趣啊! be full of fun 好玩得很have fun 玩得开心,开展娱乐活动 for fun 非认真地，开玩笑地，为了好玩in fun 开玩笑地，非故意地 make fun of 取笑，拿开玩笑 preserve vt. 保存；保留；保护 n.c,u保护(区) preservation n.保存；储藏；维护Oil preserves metal from rust. 油保护金属免于生锈。No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 保护区内禁止打猎。preserve sb. from 保护某人免受 preserve sth. for 为而保存/保留
48、某物 keep sth. in preserve = put sth. on preserve 保存/ 保留某物advance vi.前进 vt. 预先发放，提前 n. 进展 advanced adj. 高级的；先进的Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里。We benefit from the continued advance of civilization. 我们得益于文明的不断进步。advance on/towards sb/sth 向某人 /物前进 advance in sth 改进/改善某物in advance (of s
49、th) = beforehand = ahead of time 预先，事先，事前The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶出名。New York is known for its skyscrapers. 纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。no wonder = it s no wonder that. 难怪；不足为奇You went to bed at 4 am. No wonder you are so tired. 你早上四点才睡觉，难怪你这么疲倦。It is no wonder that he has passed the exam. 难怪他考试及格了。 It is a wonder that. 真想不到，令人惊奇的是 do/work wonders 创造奇迹wonder to do sth 惊讶(
