1、 成长教育小升初英语专项练习（六）冠词 冠词是用在名词前，帮助说明名词所表示的人或者事物的词。冠词不能脱离名词而独立存在，不能单独作为句子成分。它分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。（1） 不定冠词有 a，an 。a 用于辅音音素前，而 an 则用于元音音素前，如： an e-mail，an orange， an old man，an English watch，an hour1) 表示 “一个“，意为 one;指某人或某物，意为 a certain。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.M
2、r. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden（2）定冠词 the定冠词 the 与指示代词 this，that 同源，有“那(这)个 “的意思，
3、但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1)特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine. 把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house. Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3)指世上独一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人 ; the living 生者。We should help the poor. 我们
4、应该帮助穷人。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词 only， very， same 等前面：Its the first of March today.今天是三月一号。Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪 ?我住在二层。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。6)与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师 )They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7)表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：
5、She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国9)用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrowthe da
6、y before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water ，field，country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre零冠词1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England ，Mary;2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词;They are teachers. 他们是教师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词;Failure
7、 is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。4)物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐
8、运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast ，play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9)当 by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;by bus，by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如：school，college，prison，market ，hospital ，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病go t
9、o the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all, from first to last冠词练习1. _old lady in brown is _university professor.A An ;a B An ;/ C The ;an D The ;a2. Have you learned German? Yes. Its _language Ive ever learned
10、.A a quite difficult B quite a difficult C difficult quite D difficult quite 3.It is _pleasure to work with these workers .A an B / C a D this 4.After _quick breakfast I hurried to _school .A /;/ B a;/ C the;the D the;/5.Mother does most of _at home A cleaning B a clean C the cleaning D clean 6.Engl
11、ish is _interesting subject for most of _students.A the; an B the ;the C an ;/ D an;the 7.Mary is _only girl who has been to American .A a B the C an D /8._Turners could not pay for _color TV set .A The;a B /;the C /;a D The ;/9. Its_pleasure to see _sun rising in _east.A /;the;/ B a;/;/ C a;the;the
12、 D /;the;the10.Most of us are from_.A the south B south C the southern D southern11 _United States lies in North America.A An B A CThe D/12.The young nurse is kind to _ill in the hospital.A a B an C/ D the13. It is known to all that _light travels faster than _sound .A /;/ B a ;a C the ;the D the ;/
13、14. Monday is my _day .A the busiest B busy C busier D busiest 15.Before _supper ,I always play _football.A a ;the B the ;/ C / ;/ D / ;the 16.Shall we go to see our teacher? She is ill_.A in a hospital B in the hospital C in hospital D in hospitals 17.Mary has _high fever and she has to be in _hosp
14、ital.A a;/ B a ;a C / ;/ D / ;the 18.He stole the money and put him_A in prison B to prison C at the prison D in the prison 19.His brother worked out_until it was twelve.A problem after problem B problem by problems Ca problem after a problem数词数词分为两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，如：one,two,three,twelve 等。而基数词用
15、于表示次序，常在日期中出现，如：first,fifth,fortieth。基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一般要有“the”。注意：1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上 and。如：101 one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first，second，third fif
16、th，eighth，ninth，twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth ，thirtieth ，fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“ 几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth数词练习1、请翻译下列短语。（1）40 名学生_ （2）15 本英语书_ （3）十五张纸_ （4）四个孩子_ （5）8 月 8 日 _ （6）第三次_ （7）第十一周_ （8）40 年前_ 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one_ two_ three_ nine_ fourteen_ twenty_ thirty-five_ eighty-one_1、请翻译下列短语。（1）40
17、 名学生-forty students （2）15 本英语书 -fifteen English books （3）十五张纸-fifteen pieces of paper（4）四个孩子-four children（5）8 月 8 日-August 8th（6）第三次-the third time（7）第十一周-the eleventh week （8）40 年前-forty years ago2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one-first two-second three-third nine-ninth fourteen-fourteenth twenty-twentieththirty-f
18、ive-thirty-fifth eighty-one-eighty-first介词1、介词是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。小升初中需要掌握的介词有：in，on，under，with，behind，about，near，before，after，for，to ，up，down ，from，in front of，out of，fromto，at the back of等。2、表示时间的介词有：at，on，in（1）at 表示“ 在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten oclock，at 9:30 am，at nig
19、ht，at the weekend（2）on 表示“ 在某日或某日的时间段 ”。如：on Friday，on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in 表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里” 。如：in the afternoon，in September，in summer，in 20053、in 一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服） ，in English（用英语表达） ，take part in（参加）介词练习1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this _ (at，on， in) English?2) C
20、hristmas is _ (at，on，in) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with，on，in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well _ (at，on，in) PE.5) Look at those birds _ (on，in) the tree.6) We are going to meet _ (at，on，in) the bus stop _ ( at，on，in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat _ (under，behind，in) the doo
21、r?8) Helens writing paper is _ (in，in front of) her computer.9) We live _ (at，on，in) a new house now.10) Does it often rain _ (at，on，in) spring there?2、划出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just now. 3) They are talking to their plans. 4) H
22、ow many students have their birthdays on May? 5) Womens Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? 连词连词是用来连
23、接单词与单词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的词。常用的连词有and，or，than ，but，so，because 等。（1） 连接两个名词Su Hai and Su Yang are going to see Beijing opera tomorrow.(2) 连接两个短语Whose school bag is bigger,this one or that one?(3) 连接两个句子I like autumn best,because its cool and sunny.1 D 2 B 3 C 4 B 5C 6D 7B 8A 9C 10A 11C12D 13A 14D 15C 16C 1
24、7A 18A 19A 1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this in (at，on， in) English?2) Christmas is on (at，on，in) the 25th of December.3) The man in ( with，on，in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do wellin (at，on，in) PE.5) Look at those birds in (on，in) the tree.6) We are going to meet at (at，on，in) the bus stop at
25、( at，on，in ) half past ten.7) Is there a catbehind (under，behind ，in) the door?8) Helens writing paper is in front of (in，in front of) her computer.9) We live in (at，on，in) a new house now.10) Does it often rain in (at，on，in) spring there?2、划出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English and
26、Maths. at 2) The films werein the ground just now. on 3) They are talking to their plans. about 4) How many students have their birthdays on May? in 5) Womens Day is atthe third of March. on 6) I can jog to school on the morning. in 7) Did you water trees at the farm? on 8) Can you come and help me on my English? with 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning. on 10) What did you do on the Spring Festival? in/during
