1、1句子种类按照句子的用途分，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1. 陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tom has a new car. The flower isnt beautiful.2. 陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be，则只需在这些动词后加 not 即可构成否定式。He is playing the guitar. We can get there before dark.(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其
2、中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加 dont, doesnt 或 didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。He plays the violin well. She won the game. (3) 如果句子是 there be 结构或谓语动词是 have（有），除了 be 和 have 之后加 not 之外，句中如果有 some 要变为 any。例如：There is some water in the cup. He has some books. (4) 除 not 以外，否定词 no, never, nothing, nobody, few 等也可构成否定句
3、。例如：There is something wrong with his bike I have seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是 you 时，you 常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Be quiet. You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。Do come back at once! Do be careful.（3）ple
4、ase 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Open the window, please.（4）Let 引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。Let Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets 和 Let us 是有区别的。Lets 包括说话者，而 Let us 不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Lets go skating, shall we? Let us try again, will you?2. 否定祈使句通常以 D
5、ont 或 Never 开头。其结构通常是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如：Dont do that again! Never leave todays work for tomorrow!翻译：下次不要迟到了。2三. 疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）的构成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be 动词开始，通常要求以 yes，或 no 来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。Can you swim?Is he doing his homework?Do you know Mr. Sm
6、ith?Does he take exercise everyday?（2）一般疑问句的否定结构 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，可以把副词 not 放在一般疑问句的主语之后，也可以把not 放在助动词之后，但要用简略形式 ”-nt”。Are you not a football fan?Arent you a football fan?Will she not like it?Wont she like it?2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词 +一般疑问句” 构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，
7、读时用降调。回答时可用一个词或短语，也可用一个完整的句子。例如：Where is Sally from, Mike? She is from America.Who broke the window? Jack.What is your brother doing? Watering the flowers.常用的特殊疑问句:询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答职业，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor.姓名或关系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother相貌特征 whatlike? W
8、hat is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful.目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting.原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend.天气 howwhatlike? How is the weather today?What is the weather like today? Its fine.颜色 what color？ What color is h
9、er skirt? Its red.服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wears 40.几点钟 what time What time is it? Its 7:30.星期几 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday.几号，日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2.年龄（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38.持续多长时间 how long How long have you been here? For f
10、ive months.3（多久）长度（多长） how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres.距离（多远） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres.频度（多经常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week.时间经过（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week.数量（多少）how many（可数名词）how much（不可数名词）How many jack
11、ets do you have?How much coffee do you want?Three.Two cups.价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars.高度（多高）how tall（人，树）how high（山，建筑物）How tall is she?How high is the tower?Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 3. 选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由 or 连接，or 前面的部分读
12、升调，or 后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Is your bag yellow or black? Its black.。Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.4. 反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。陈述句和简短问句之间用逗号隔开。 附加问句的动词、时态及主语均与陈述部分一致，且主语必须用代词。附加问
13、句的否定式必须缩写。肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。I am your teacher, arent I?He didnt study hard, did he?四. 由 what, how 引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！” ，读时用降调，感叹句往往由 what 或 how 引导， what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词。1. what 引导的感叹句：（1）what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ （主语+谓语）What a beautiful city it is!What
14、 an interesting story she told!（2）what+形容词+ 复数可数名词 /不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）What expensive watches they are!What terrible weather it is!2How 引导的感叹句：（1）How+形容词/副词+（主语+谓语）How cold it is!4How hard he works!（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）How he loves his son! How I miss you!（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语 +谓语）How tall a tree i
15、t is! 3. 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever a boy he is/How clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!How cold a day it is/How cold it is!【实例解析】1._ useful computer it is!A. What B. What a C. What an D. How2. -_ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?-Im not sure, but it takes about ninety min
16、utes to get there by bus.A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far3. -_ will it take us to get there by bus?-About two hours.A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick4.-Help! There is a snake near the house.-_ afraid. It will go away later.A. Dont B. Not C. Dont be D. Be按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为
17、简单句、并列句和复合句。1.简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），而句子各个成分都只有单词或短语充当的句子叫简单句。简单句的五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： + （主谓）基本句型二： + （主系表）基本句型三： + （主谓宾）基本句型四： + + （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + + （主谓宾宾补）He, who attended his friends birthday party till midnight yesterday, is sleeping soundly in the English class when the teacher calls his n
18、ame基本句型 一 + （不及物动词）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词. 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 基本句型 二 +（是系动词）+ 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 基本句型 三 +（及物动词）+此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 2. He e
19、njoys reading. 基本句型 四 +（及物）+（多指人）+ （多指物）5此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。1. He brought you a dictionary. 2. I gave her a gift. 基本句型五 S+V（及物）+ （宾语）+（宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整
20、。1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 2.并列句含有两个或多个相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫作并列句。其中的各个分句由连接词、分号等连接。并列句主要有以下几种：联合并列句、选择并列句、转折并列句和因果并列句。The popular star can not only sing beautifully but can also dance well.You can stay here, or you can leave.He is listening to music while his brother is
21、watching TV.He must have taken this way, for here are his footprints.3.复合句由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，仅用作主句中的一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. What he wants most is his parents praise.He doesnt know which city he wants to live in.His goal is that he can be admitted into a key university.Word came that our team won the match.He is absent from the meeting because he is ill.
