1、简析在名词性从句中的使用作者：苏艳红 文章来源：中学英语之友高二版 点击数： 952 更新时间： 2008-3-12 what 作为引导词是英语名词性从句中学习的重点，也是学生正确使用的一大难点。近年来各地高考试题中多次对 what 在名词性从句中的用法进行考查，可见此词在英语学习中的重要性。下面就此词的一些用法作一简析: 一高考题中具体的考查情况 1. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (NMET2007 全国卷) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 解析:考查 what 引导主语从句，
2、且在从句中作主语。 2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.(NMET2007 天津卷) A. what B. which C. how D. where 解析:考查 what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作 is 的表语。 3. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh， thats _.(NMET2003 北京卷) A. what makes me feel excited B.
3、whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 解析:考查 what 引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语。 4. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (NMET2007 上海卷) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where 解析:考查 what 引导主语从句，且在从句中作 referred to 的宾语。 5. By improving reading skills， y
4、ou can read faster and understanding more of _ you read. (2007 春季上海卷 ) A. that B. what C. which D. whether 解析:考查 what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作 read 的宾语。 6. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?(NMET2005 辽宁卷) A. that B. what C. as D. which 解析:考查 what 引导同位语从句，且在从句中作主语。 二考查难点所在与解题技巧 1. 引导名
5、词性从句 what 与 that 的区别: 从上面例题 4 和 5 中可以看出，确定选 what 还是 that，关键在于:如果名词性从句中缺少主语宾语或表语，通常要用 what;如果从句中不缺少该类成分并且意义完整明确，则用 that。又如: (1)What moved us most was his bravery and courage.(主语从句中缺少主语) (2)That he is very brave is known to everybody here.(主语从句中不缺少成分 ) (3)Our school is no longer what it was five years
6、 ago.(表语从句中缺少表语) (4)That our team has won the first prize is really exciting.(主语从句中不缺少成分) 2. what 引导的名词性从句与 that 作关系代词引导定语从句的区别: (1)The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad. (2007 春季上海卷) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 解析:all 作 was 的表语，后接 that 引导的定语从句，
7、且 that 在定语从句中作主语;what只引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句，而 what 相当于定语从句中“先行词+关系代词”的作用，所以，此题中 what=all that。又如: (2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.(NMET2004 天津) A. what B. which C. that D. where 解析:该题极易受“介词 +关系代词”(in which)引导定语从句的干扰，其实 in 后应看成宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故选 what=a place that。 (3)You
8、can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.(NMET2007 安徽卷) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 解析:what 引导宾语从句，在介词 of 后的宾语从句中作 have 的宾语; something 后是一个定语从句，关系代词 that 在从句中作 get 的宾语可以省略。 3. what 与 whatever 的区别: (1)Could you do
9、me a favor?(NMET2006 北京卷) It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever (2)These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can tosave them.(NMET2000 北京春季) A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 解析:what 引导名词性从句表具体情况，语气弱，而 whatever 语气强，概念笼统，词义为“无论什么，所的事情” 。但二者在引导名词性从句时常可替换。
10、例如: (3)What/Whatever I do is none of your business. 我做的事情/任何事情都和你无关。 (4)I will do what/whatever I can to help you. 我将尽力/竭尽全力来帮助你。 三巩固性练习 1. _ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(NMET2007 陕西卷) A. That B. Which C. What D. As 2. It is none of your business _ other people think
11、about you. Believe yourself.(NMET2007 福建卷) A. how B. what C. which D. when 3. The tourists lost their way in the mountains， and _ made matters worse was that it began to rain. A. that B. it C. what D. which 4. _ has made the girl _ she is today? A. What， that B. That， what C. What， what D. That， tha
12、t 5. _ proves that my prediction is right. A. That has happened B. What has happened C. When it happened D. It will happen that 6. _ she was invited to the party made her very happy. A. Whether B. What C. That D. Because 7. _ all the students have in common is _ they work very hard. A. What， that B.
13、 What， what C. That， that D. That， what 8. The childrens safety was just _ worried the parents most. A. why B. which C. that D. what 9. The young man said he would do _ it took to go abroad. A. what B. that C. which D. whatever 10. Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. wh
14、at D. which 11. What did your parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should. (NMET2006 全国卷) A. when B. that C. how D. what 12. It seemed that after _ was a long time she began to wake up. A. that B. which C. what D. when 13. Her sister has become a lawyer， _ she wanted
15、to be. (NMET2005 湖北卷) A. who B. that C. what D. which 14. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?(NMET2005 北京春季) A. where B. when C. that D. what 15. Mary bought a new car， _， of course， made the others envy. A. who B. that C. what D. which 16. Its no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon. A. what B. which C. whether D. that Key(2):1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.D本文来源于 外语爱好者网站(http:/) 转载请以链接形式注明出处 网址：http:/
