1、 1一、简单句1.简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。2. 简单句的种类: 简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。3 .陈述句:用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。陈述句的肯定式: He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生）She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理）陈述句的否定式：谓语动词如果是 be 动词,助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲
2、现在不在厨房里做饭）We havent discussed the question yet（我们还没有讨论那个问题呢） .1)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加 do not(dont).如： I dont know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) We didnt have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会 )2)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加 not 构成否定式,其形式与 have got 的否定式相同。 如：I havent (got) any brothers or siste
3、rs.（我没有兄弟姐妹）注意:句子中如果有 all、both、very much/well 等词时,用 not 一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、notat all 等；All of them went there. None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里他们全都没去那里）句子中含有 little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor 、seldom 等词时, 则视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人
4、生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如：Thats your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句” 。所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/ Could you tell me who yo
5、u saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）2、疑问句：一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。1)一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是 to be、 助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？）谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词 do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形如：Do you get up at six every
6、morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？)2)一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）Yes, we will.（是的我们会。 ） / No, we wont.（不我们不会。 ）回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。23)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与 be, have 等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就
7、可以了。Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构” ；如果回答是否定的 ,就用“ no+否定结构” 。(情况与反意问句类似。)如： Cant he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？)Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) No,he cant. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如： Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？）有时 “what”,“wh
8、ich”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如:Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里)2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,疑问副词： when, where, why, how,how 构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,
9、多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why dont you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为 Why not?) (你为什么不转请 Jim 呢？)4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的？)5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要
10、一台电脑呢？)反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes ”或“no” 来进行回答。1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句 ,后一部分是疑问句 ,它是由 be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。如：He is old, isnt he? (他老了不是吗？)The man went away, didnt he?(那人走开了,不是吗？ )Yes, he did.(是的,他
11、走了。)/ No, he didnt.(不,他没有走。)The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里 ,是吗？)Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。) / No, he didnt.(是呀, 他不去。)三、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语 you 往往不说出。祈使句的肯定式：如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式： 如：Please dont talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / Dont look back! (不要掉头看。)注意 以“
12、lets”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“lets”后面。如：Lets not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)1 Hello, Jeff speaking. May I speak to Mr. Gordon? _. He is on business.A. Sorry, he isnt in B. Thank you for calling C. Not at all2. Is_ here? No. Kate is ill in hospital.A. someone B
13、. anyone C. everyone3. Look! The passenger in front of you _ games with his HTC One M8.A. is playing B. are playing C. were playing34. How do you like the 2014 FIFA Word Cup Brazil ? Its very _ , Im loving it.A. boring B. disappointing C. exciting5 . What are you going to do this weekend , Laura? I
14、_ go to see the movie Coming Home，but Im not sure。A. must B. need C. might6. _ does it take from our school to the farm by bus? About one hour and half.A. How far B. How long C. How often7. Whos going to _ the baby while her mother is away?A. look at B . look after C. look like8. Hi, Kimmy. Do you k
15、now Jam Hsiao? Sure. He is popular singer _ comes from Taiwan.A. who B. which C. Who9. I love Xiamen._ the weather here . It is either too hot nor too cold all the year round.A .usually B. specially C. especially10. This June is a special month for me. Im wondering _ the beautiful days in middle sch
16、ool.A. what will remind me of B. what will I remind of C. what I will remind of 11. Jimmy _ in Shanghai for seven years. Now he lives abroad with his father.A. studies B. studied C. has studied12 - It shouldnt take long to clear up after the get-together if we all volunteer to help.- I quite agree with you _. A. Practice makes perfect B. Many hands make light work C. Better late than never
