1、NCE2062.txtINCE2062.txt【New words and expressions】 （15）control n. 控制in control 在控制之内 under control 在控制之下,被控制 out of control 失控control sth.I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)under arrest 被逮捕smoke n. 烟（雾）smoke v. 吸烟smokey adj. 多烟的（名词加-y, 变为形容词）smokey area 吸烟区 nonsmokey area 禁烟区rain ?C rainy ；
2、 cloud - cloudysmoker n. 抽烟的人heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 nonsmoker 不抽烟的人Dont smoke! = No smoking!He smoked heavily.smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢cigarette = cigar n. 香烟desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住, 荒无人烟的） ；极度孤独的(与人相连时)lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）threaten v. 威胁的th
3、reaten to do sth. 威胁着要做（与人相连） ；有迹象表明It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。threaten sb. with sth. 以来威胁/恐吓某人The thief threatened him with a knife.surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境(在周边的事物)atmosphere n. 大气层, 氛围 (在周边的人文环境)destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭destroy v. 破坏 destructive adj. 毁灭性的construct v. 建设(为创造更好的条件)c
4、onstruction n.建设,建筑 construction bank 建设银行 constructive adj. 建设性的( 意见)build v. 建设(具体的建某物)flood n. 洪水, 水灾flood = floods 都对，都可以用，无区别authorit n. 当局(常用复数 authorities)authority n. 权威（单数）spray v. 喷撒 spray sth. over/on 往上喷洒quantity n. （数）量 quantities of 大量的quality n. 质量root n. 根 What is the root cause?根本原因
5、是什么？root of 的根take root 生根 come out 长出来shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽）NCE2062.txtIIflower come out 开花 get out 出去patch n. 小片，颜色和周围不同的部分patch n. (平面上的)一片, 补丁( 本意)What is that yellow patch on the wall? 墙上那块黄斑是什么？a patch of 一小片 ；patches of 许多片a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of 一片，一块blacken v. 变黑，发暗-en 后缀表
6、示动词，译为“使变得”weak adj. 虚弱的 weaken v. 使变弱，削弱复合词（由两个词组合而成一个词） ，如 fireman派生词（加前缀或后缀的词）如-tion 名词后缀； - less 形容词后缀【课文讲解】1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth. 和作搏斗get it under control 表示“使它得到控制” ，get 有“使处于某种状态”的含义， “get+宾语+介词短语”作宾
7、补: Get the room in order.2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.a short time before 和 a short time ago 都可以与段时间相连 a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前 a short time ago 过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前 for miles around 方圆几英里（around 表示“在周围，向四周” ）3、Now, smoke still rose
8、 up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. rise up (from) 升上来4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on 的过去
9、进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表季节的“到来，来临”：wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 扑灭 order 定购type 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与 kind 有区别6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quant
10、ities by aeroplanes.quantity 单数时仅表示“数量” ，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少： They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity 复数表“大量 ”：He bought books in (large) quantities.7、By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.take root 表示“生根” ，也可表某处思想/想法等“扎根”：The idea has taken ro
11、ot in his mind.8、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.instead of 替代+ 没做的事NCE2062.txtIIIInstead of staying home, I went to sch
12、ool. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of ”也可以用“instead of ”。 ）【Summary writing】2 Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.now that 既然 ； which 定语从句3 To prevent this the forest authorities
13、ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.to prevent 为了预防4 By the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil. by the time(that) 到时候为止 (that 可以省略)，应理解为“before”【Key structures 】过去完成时和过去完成进行时过去完成进行时的构成：had been +现在分词过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进
14、行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果，过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作，还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有 before，for，since，all day 等。在包含间接引语的句子中，如果引述词是过去时态，则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。但需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时。When I arrived, theyd alredy put the fire out.【Special Difficulties】Control and Checkcontrol vt. 控制，指挥，支配，管理 n. 控
15、制（能力） ，支配（能力）check vt. 检查，核对，查看Great and Biggreat adj. 大的(强调重要性 )，伟大的，重大的，重要的 Frank has just made a great decision.big adj. 大的 (强调面积、体积、规模上的大)Soil and Groundsoil n. 泥土 (能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.ground n. 地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地【Multiple choice questions】6 The planes _c_ne
16、arly a month to plant the seed. a. did b. made c.took d. had花费时间：人作主语用 spend；用时间表达用 take9 Large _d_of seed were used.a. weights b. measures c. tons d. amountsweight n. 重量 ；measures v. 测量 ；tons n. 吨 large amounts 大量的，修饰不可数名词11 Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass _d_.NCE2062.txtIVa. every where b. only in one or two placesc. in one place d. here and therepatches 许多快 everywhere 每一寸土地上 here and there 这一块 , 那一块, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸
