1、形容词 副词 突破考点：1 形容词的句法功能（除谓语外的所有成分）2 形容词的同级比较级3 形容词作定语的顺序4 定语形容词和表语形容词5 副词的句法功能（除主，谓，宾外）6 副词的同级，比较级，最高级句型7 意思相近的形容词，副词的比较8 形容词形式的副词和以“ly结尾的副词的区别9 形容词与副词比较级的修饰语一 形荣词 1 定语：不定代词作定语时是后置定语，一般是前置定语a good suggestionI have something interesting to tell youIs there anything wrong with the machine2 表语 跟在系动词之后 o
2、ur classroom is bright 3 用作宾语补足语The news made me happy.4 和定冠词一起表示一类 （不知什么，看不清楚）作主语和宾语the+adj the rich/the poorthe+v.ed the disabled(残疾人） 这类词表示复数概念the+v.ing the living(活着的人）但少数 the injured, the dead, the wounded 后可用单数eg. The injured was sent to hospital at once.5 用作状语（表状态）He went to bed,cold and hung
3、ry.He sat there,silent.6 固定结构in short 简单地说 in general 总之all of a sudden 突然 二 形容词的位置 美小圆旧黄 beautiful small round法国木书房 old yellow france wooden study三 表语形容词和定语形容词以 a-开头的形容词只能作表语和补语，不能作定语alike, alive, alone, afraid, ashamed, awakeThe twins are very alike(对） the alike twins(错)The little boy was left alo
4、ne.有些 adj 只能作定语，不能作表语live, elder, wooden, golden, woolen |ai|This is a live fish. She is my elder sister四 某些以ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词brotherly, friendly, lovely, lonely, likely, orderly五 复合形容词的构成1 adj.+n+ed kind-hearted, red-eyed, white-haired2 adj.+adj. dark-blue, red-hot, red-light3 adj.+v.ing tired-looking
5、, ordinary-looking4 adv.+v.ing hard-workin 5 adv.+v.ed newly-built well-written6 n.+adj life-long, world famous7 n.+v.ing peace-loving, English speaking8 n.+n.+ed man-made, snow-cover 9 数+n.+ed a three-egged table a six-storeged building10 数+n./(+adj.) an 8-year-old girl the eighth five-year plan六 a
6、dj.比较级的用语1 修饰语可用 even, still, a bit/little, much, a lot, far, by far, no, not, any 来表示程度Is your father any better?Yes, much better.no more than 两者都不A is not more +adj. than B A 不比/不如 B2 less+adj.(原级）+than 一方不及另一方This boy is less clever than that one. 这个没那个聪明。3 比较级+ and+比较级 越来越Our life is getting bet
7、ter and better.China will become more and more powerful. 4 the+比较级, the+比较级 表示“越越”The more, the better.The harder one studies, the more progress one makes.一个人读书越用功，取得的进步就越大。5 as+原级+as 和一样 (肯，否，疑）so+原级+as 只用于否定句My brother is as tall as I.My brother isnt as/so tall as I.6 使用 adj 比较级时注意排除主语本身A China is
8、 larger than any country in Africa.B China is larger than any other country in Asia.7 惯用语 the+比较级+of当用of表示两者中较和“，比较级前用 “the He is the taller of the two brotherCanada is the larger of the two countries.8 adv.最高级前的 the 可省略Of all the students he came earlist.七 adj.形式的副词与ly副词的区别high 高 highly 高度地 close 靠
9、近 closely 紧密地，仔细 wide 宽 widely 广泛地 late 晚，迟 lately 近来deep 深 deeply 深深地 hard 努力, 用功 hardly 几乎不 free 免费的 freely 自由地 heavy 重 heavily 严重地ago / before(过去时） （完成时）八 副词的位置-句首，句中，句末修饰 v. adj. adv. 句子句首neverThese students are never late for pletely , happy , successful , go quickly几组词very 如果是言行或事件，则通常用 at6 表示
10、方向和对象时，可指视线的方向 look at嘲笑/讽刺/怨恨的对象laugh atshout at(恶意的） to(善意的）7 可以表示“在方面”，常用于表示能力或造诣的 adj.或 n.之后，说明其领域be clever/good/quick 8 表示比率时，意为“以价格”“以速度”“以比率”The house rents at 0 a month.at a rate/height ofsell at 一般指单位sell for 一般指总价四 by 1 不迟于，在之前“，常与动词的 一般现在时，将来时，完成时或将来完成时连用Do you expect to finish the work b
11、y tomorrow night?2 在期间，到时候”by the end of this quarter 到这个季度末3 “从中经过，顺着（公路等）”e entered by the back door 4 表示方式时，“乘（交通工具），经由（陆路，水路等）通过（通讯，邮电等）手段”抓（或握，拉，牵等）经（某人身体或衣着部分）“握（或拿，抓）经（物体的手柄等）lead a horse by the bridle 牵着马的缰绳lead the child by the hand 拉着孩子的手5 增减强度 “到程度，以之差“lose the game by one goalwin by 3 to
12、 26 根据，从判断”7 the thing was done by my orderorder,advice 前需用介词 by,不可用 at8 以幅度（上升或下降）” fall by以为单位，按计算“，常与表示时间单位的几何数词连用，n 前常用定冠词by the dozenThe ants arrived at the camp by the hundreds.数以百计的蚂蚁爬到野营地。9 表示累加 ”接，day by daystep by step五 for1 表示 时间 时在（特定时间“ 定于” “安排在（约定时间或商定时间）the meeting is fixed for 3 oclo
13、ck2 表示方向head for leave for3 表示原因与“奖惩” “著名” 之意的 adj.连用be famous for be punished for4 表示比较时 “考虑到”“就而言”“与相比”Its cold for the time of year多见于句中 adj.的程度 adv (enough, too, very, quite, rather 等）所修饰的情况5 表示比率“以价格” sell sth for以为代” at第次 for the first time 六 in1 表示状态在情况下 in high spirits in despairin good orde
14、r in a hurryin ruins in tears在身上，“在心中” “包含在性格中”My success excited envy in him.我的成功激起了他的嫉妒。in ones mind 在头脑中” “在思考中”n ones mind 惦记着” “挂在心上”2 表示比率 “以为单位” 其后常接数词或单位 n 的复数形式pack them in tens be priced in dollars3 习语 in view of 由于，鉴于in fear of 担心，害怕in sight/in view 在能看得见的范围内，在考虑中七 on1 在之时，刚就 常接 v.ing 或表示
15、动作意义的名词on hearingon ones arrival2 表示所属 是的成员，后接集体名词 Is he on that team?On the board 委员会 at night 在夜晚 on the night of 特指“在某天夜里”in the night 当天夜里” by night 常含“利用夜晚”的意in the daytime 相 与 by day 相对3 “关于” “涉及”write on the question 倍数的表达：about-一般用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 A is two times as big as Bon -主要用于有准备的正式语言交流 A i
16、s two times bigger than B 如演说，讲课，写作等 A is twice the length of Bof -一般表示提及某人或某事物及其存在与否不涉及有关的具体内容易混用的介词1 after/inbe pleased at 言行whenHe fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.2 at the same time as 与同时While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.3 对比或相反的情况I drink black coff
17、ee (清咖啡）while he prefers it with cream.4 although 虽然 句首While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.when1 be about to dobe doing +when (突然）had done 2 当时候（短）3 既然=considering 4 即使 连词1 并列连词 and, bothnot only, but also neithernor as well as(方框里的 就近原则）2 转折连词but, while, ye
18、tconj. ， however (adv.), stilladv 依然3 选择or, otherwise, eitheror, whetheror4 原因 for, then, thus, therefore(adv.), sobecause, since=nowthat/considering5 时间 once, as, before, as soon asSince, while, when, each time, the first time(the moment)immediatelyinstantly directlyno sooner thanhardly when(里的用 ha
19、d done)on+doing 一.就. 6 地点 where, wherever7 原因 becase, for, since , as , now that8 结果 sothat suchthat9 条件 if, as/so far as as/so long as onceon condition that provided/providing (that)倘若in casesuppose/supposingunless10 目的 for fear thatin caselest 免得so thatthat11 让步 aseven if/thoughifno matter whowhet
20、heror 无论还是while 虽然12 方式 as if/ as though sothat+句子just as soas(as 作成分）13 比较 asasnot as/soasthethetake on1 受欢迎，流行 The idea doesnt really take on2 烦乱，激动 Dont take on so! 别这么激动3 take on sth 呈现 4 take sb on 雇用 take on new staff(职员)5 take sth on 决定做某事 承担某事take on extra work6 take on more passager 许可某人搭乘breakbreak outof violent events) start sudddenly逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发break down: 损坏，（健康等）垮掉，崩溃break up: 终止，结束；打碎，粉碎；散开，驱散break in: 非法闯入；打断，插嘴break off: 中断，突然停止break into: 非法闯入，强行进入break through: 突破，冲破；取得突破性的成就
