1、第 1 页 版权所有 不得复制年 级 初二 学 科 英语 版 本 上海牛津版内容标题 疑问词的用法编稿老师 马霄骁【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：疑问词的用法二. 具体过程（一）疑问代词的用法1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个： 指人： who, whom, whose 指物： what 既可指人又可指物： which 2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除 who 之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose 还可作限定词。试比较： 疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书
2、是谁的？ What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？ 限定词： Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？ What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？ 说明 1： 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what
3、所指的范围是无限的，而 which 则指在一定的范围内，例如： Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？ What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ 说明 2： whom 是 who 的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用 who 代替，但在介词后只能用 whom, 例如： Who（m） did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语） Who（m） are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置于句首） To
4、 whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置于介词后，不能用 who 取代。） 说明 3： 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末，例如： For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体） What are you looking for? 第 2 页 版权所有 不得复制你在找什么？（现代英语） 说明 4： 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如： I cant make out what h
5、e is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。 （二）疑问副词1. 疑问副词是：问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词, 主要有 when, where, how, why。 2. 疑问副词用在句首。 3. 疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。 4. 疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在
6、句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。 5. 疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。 （三）疑问词的几个用法：A why？的含义是“为什么”：Why was he late？ He missed the bus. 他为什么迟到了？他没赶上公共汽车。B when？的含义是“什么时候”：When do you get up？7a. m. 你平常什么时候起床？早晨 7 点。C where？的含义是“什么地方”：Where do you live？In London. 你住在哪儿？住在伦敦。D how？的含义是“怎么样”：How did you come？ I came by plane. 你是怎
7、么来的？我是乘飞机来的。How do you start the engine？You press the button. 怎样启动发动机？按这个按钮。how 还可有以下用法：1. 与形容词连用How strong are you？你有多大劲儿？How important is this letter？这封信的重要性有多大？2. 与 much 和 many 连用：How much（money） do you want？ 你需要多少钱？How many（pictures ）did you buy？ 你买了多少幅（画）？3. 与副词连用：How fast does he drive？他开得有多快？
8、How often do you go abroad？ 你多长时间出一次国？How badly was he hurt？他伤得怎么样？How soon can you come？ 你多快能赶来？第 3 页 版权所有 不得复制注意 How is she？（她身体怎么样？）询问的是她的健康状况，而 What is she like？（她长得什么样？）询问的是她的外貌。（参见第 58 节 C。）不要把 How are you？（你身体怎么样？）和 How do you do？ （您好！）搞混。当两个人被介绍认识时，双方都说 How do you do？这只是一句问候语而不是真的提出一个问题。（四）反
9、意疑问句反意疑问句的句型结构是:“ 陈述句+附加问句”。附加问句部分与陈述句部分在人称、时态和数等方面须一致,而且“前否后肯,前肯后否”。在做反意疑问句改写时应特别注意下列情况: 1. 陈述句部分的主语是 one 时,附加问句部分主语正式场合用 one,非正式场合用 he。例如: One should do ones best for the work, shouldnt one（he ）? One must do ones duty, neednt one（he）? 2. 陈述句部分是 Im.时,附加问句部分常用 arent I?例如: Im twelve, arent I? Im a go
10、od driver, arent I? 3. 陈述句部分是 there be 时, 附加问句部分也要用 there。例如: There is some milk in the bottle, isnt there? There are many people in the park on Sunday, arent there? 4. 陈述句部分以 lets 开头时,附加问句部分要用 shall we;若以 let us 开头时,附加问句部分要用 will you?例如: Lets have a break, shall we? Let us stop here, will you? 5. 陈
11、述句部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,附加问句部分可用 he,也可用 they。例如: Everyone knows his own language, doesnt he? Everybody enjoyed the film, didnt he/they?6. 陈述句部分有 never, none, nothing, no 等否定词或 few, little, hardly 等半否定词时,附加问句部分要用肯定形式。例如: You never read this novel,
12、 do you? Few people can live to 150, can they? 7. 当陈述句部分是一个含有从句的主从复合句时,附加问句部分的形式要看主句,其主语及动词都要与主句保持一致。例如: He says she is a good teacher, doesnt he? They said the teacher had left, didnt they? 但当主句是 I think, I believe 等结构时,附加问句部分形式要看从句。例如 : I think she is all right now, isnt she? I dont believe he is
13、here, is he? 8. 陈述句部分是祈使句的否定形式时,附加问句部分常用 will you? 例如: Dont make any noise, will you?（五）like 的用法：（1）like 作动词时，意为 “喜欢”。常见用法有以下两种：“like + 名词 / 代词”表示“喜欢某人或某物”。例如：She likes her students very much. 她非常喜欢她的学生。This is my computer. I like it a lot. 这是我的电脑，我非常喜欢它。like doing sth.和 like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”。li
14、ke doing sth.着重于习惯、爱好；like to do sth.着重于某次具体的行为或动作。例如：第 4 页 版权所有 不得复制I like reading, but I dont like to read this evening. 我喜欢看书，但今晚我不想看。（2）like 作介词时，意为“像；跟一样”，其后接名词或代词作宾语。例如：The little boy looks like his father. 那个小男孩看上去像他的父亲。Dont do it like that. 这件事别那么做。特殊用法（1）Would you like sth. / to do sth.? “你
15、想要吗？”；“你愿意做吗？”。口语中用来表示客气地征询意见或建议、邀请、请求等。例如：Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？Would you like to come to my birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？（2）How do you like .? “你觉得怎么样？”，通常用于询问对某人或某物的喜欢程度。例如：How do you like your new classmates? 你认为你的新同学怎么样？- How do you like Chinese food? 你觉得中国菜怎么样？- I like it very m
16、uch. 我非常喜欢。（3）What do you like about .? “你喜欢的什么呢？”，常用于询问对某人或某物所喜欢的内容。例如：a）- What do you like about your pen-friend? 你喜欢你笔友的什么呢？- His honesty. 他的诚实。b）- What do you like about this sweater? 你喜欢这件毛衣的什么呢？- I like its colour. 我喜欢它的颜色。【模拟试题】 （答题时间：40 分钟）一、选择：1. You may come to my house _ this week _ next
17、week.A .neither; or B .from; to C .either; or D. either; nor2. I dont think we can do it all _.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves3. I dont want this shirt. Please show me _.A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4. I cant repair the model ship _. Can you help ?A .me;
18、 me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5. Does your brother often wash clothes ?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English , maths and some subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7. I have two sisters. of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.
19、The book on the shelf is . She wrote name on its cover .A .hers; her ;herself B. her; hers; herself C. herself; her; hers D. her; herself; herself9. “Dont worry . Theres much wrong with you.” said the doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very 第 5 页 版权所有 不得复制10. These shoes are too small.
20、You may buy some _ shoes.A .another B .other C .the others D. others 11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but _ of them came .A .another B. other C .the others D .others 12. They are _ the same size , so you may take _ half of the cake.A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in
21、; either 13. Betty and John have come back , but _ students in the class arent here yet.A. the other B others C. another D. the others14. Your mother is kindness _. A .itself B. herself C. oneself D .himself15. She stayed there longer than _.A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else16. I
22、s this her bike? No, it isnt . Its _.A. mine B. my C. me D. hes17. _ Li Pings brother. A. Her B. His C. Hes D. Shes18. He is a boy. name is Wang Bing. A. He B. His C. Her D. Hes19. Whats this? . A. Its a bread B. It is a bread C. Its bread D. Thiss bread20. The bowls are on the table .There are some
23、 eggs in .A. the B. them C. it D. he 21. Let have a meeting .A. me B. you C. us D. our22. Mother often sees on Sunday .A. her all friends B. all her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.23. When you see Tom and his sister , tell that mother is waiting at the gate.A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them
24、; their D. his ; her 24. He wants you to talk about China.A. anything B .nothing C. thing D .something25.Granny seems ill . Are you sure its ?A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything 二、阅读理解（一）Mr. Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell
25、 ring. He turned on the light and looked at his clock. It was twelve oclock. “Who can it be at this time of night?” He thought. He decided to go and find out. So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown （浴袍） and went to the door. When he opened the door, there was nobody there. “That is very strange.
26、” Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep.A few minutes later he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the do
27、or and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words 第 6 页 版权所有 不得复制on it : “It is now after midnight（午夜）, so it is April Fools Day （愚人节） . April fool to you!”“Oh , it was the English boy next door!” Mr. Lee exclaimed （惊叫） and almost smile
28、d. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again.1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed?He went to bed _.A. before twelve oclock B. after twelve oclockC. when the bell rang D. when he saw the boy2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time?A. He wanted
29、 to open the door for the visitorB. He wanted to find out who the visitor was.C. He was afraid of the ringD. He was waiting for someone.3. From this passage, we learn that we can _ on April Fools Day.A. say “Hello” to each other B. dance and sing at nightC. play jokes on each other D. send presents
30、to children4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy?He thought he _.A. was a good boy B. was friendly with himC. shouldnt ring the bell at midnight D. did a dangerous thing just now 阅读理解（二）Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good, thi
31、ck paper, old letters, for example. She does not like newspapers very muchOf course, the best paper comes from wood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit are plants, too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper?Scientists say, “All food comes in some
32、way from plants.” Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and eat the Chickens eat bits of grass and give us Think for a minute. What food does not come from plants in some way?Scientists can do wonder
33、ful things with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they can make it without the help of animals. It is very good food, too. Now they have begun to say, “We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The next thing is not very difficult.” What is the next thing?
34、 Perhaps it isfood from paper. Scientists say, “We can turn paper into food. It will be good, cheap food, too, cheaper than meat or fish or eggs.”So please keep your old books and letters. （Dont feed 喂 your cat.） One day, they will be on your plate, if what scientists say may come true.1. The writer
35、 asks us to keep our old books and letters because _.A. they are useful for readingB. They may be used to feed catsC. We can make food from them soonD. we can read them at breakfast2. From the passage （段落）， we can infer（推断） that _ do not come from plants in some way.第 7 页 版权所有 不得复制A. few kinds of fo
36、od B. meat and fishC. cheese and chicken D. wood and paper第 8 页 版权所有 不得复制【试题答案】15 CACCB 610 CAAAB1115 DDABD 1620 ACBCB2125 CBCDA（一）1. A. 此题是一道细节题，文章第一自然段的前三个句子就告诉了此题的答案。2. B. 文中有这样的句子“Who can it be at this time of night?”，此句说明 Mr. Lee 很想知道是谁在午夜时来敲门。3. C. 此题是一道常识题，因为大家都知道在愚人节这天，人们可以相互开玩笑。4. B. 英国男孩和 Mr. Lee 开玩笑，说明他把 Mr. Lee 看成朋友，所以答案是 B。（二）1. C. 本题是细节题，答案可在倒数第一自然段找到。2. A. 文中有这样的句子“What food does not come from plants in some way?”。说明作者认为，不管是什么样的食物，几乎都来自“plants” ，所以答案是 A。
