1、不能变被动语态的主动句在学过被动语态并做了些主动语态变被动语态的练习后, 可能会这样认为, 凡是有动宾结构的主动句都可变为被动句, 其实不然。本文拟对不能变为被动句的主动句作一简单的归纳和说明, 供同行们教学时参考。 一、某些表示状态的及物动词作句子的谓语时, 主动句不能变被动语态。这类动词可分为: 1、表示“拥有”意义的动词。例如: She has good health. 她身体很好。Our school has fifty computers. 我们学校有五十台电脑。He owns a new car. 他有一辆新轿车。2、表示“容纳”意义的动词。例如: The hall can hol
2、d two thousand people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。The box contains soap. 这个盒子装有肥皂。3、表示“适合”意义的动词。例如: This shirt suits you. 你穿这件衬衣很合适。Does this new dress become me? 这件新衣我穿合身吗? These shoes fit me perfectly. 这双鞋我穿正合适。4、表示“知道”、“明白” 意义的动词。例如 : I dont know his name. 我不知道他的名字。Do you get what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗? I dont quite
3、take you. Could you say it again? 我不明白你的话, 请再说一遍好吗? 5、表示“缺少”意义的动词。例如: They lack experience. 他们缺少经验。The train wants customers. 火车的乘客不满员。6、还有动词 fail, last, cost, like, wish 等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如: The war lasted four years. 那场战争持续了四年。The book cost me five yuan. 那本书花了我五元钱。Words failed him. 他激动得说不出话
4、来。二、动词 leave, enter, join, reach 等的宾语表示“处所”、“地点”、“组织”时, 主动句不能变为被动语态。例如: The studentsentered the classroom one by one. 学生们陆续地进了教室。My father joined the Party ten years ago. 我父亲十年前入党。He left his hometown five years ago. 他五年前离开了家乡。三、宾语是反身代词、抽象名词或相互代词等的主动句不能变为被动语态。例如: He taught himself English. 他自学英语。He
5、showed special interest in science. 他对科学特别感兴趣。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。We learned from one another in our studies. 我们在学习上互相学习。四、当宾语起状语的作用, 表示行为、方式、状态或数量、重量、大小、程度时, 主动句不能变为被动语态。例如: We do our bestto speak more English. 我们尽力多说英语。They smiled their thanks. 他们微笑表示感谢。He ran ten miles without a rest. 他跑了十
6、英里而没休息。五、当宾语是动词的同源宾语时, 主动句不能变为被动语态。例如 : We are living a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。He died a glorious death. 他死得光荣。六、某些由“动词介词” 构成的短语动词不能变为被动语态。例如: I cant agree with you. 我不能同意你的意见。Victory belongs to us. 胜利属于我们。Nothing has happened to him. 他平安无事。七、某些“动词名词” 构成的短语不能变为被动语态。例如: They set sail for Shanghai yest
7、erday. 他们昨天出航去上海。Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。八、主动句的宾语是无所指的 it 时, 不能变为被动语态。例如 : The train had left. They had to foot it home. 火车开走了, 他们只好步行回家。We will fight it out together. 我们将一同战斗到底。九、主动句的宾语前有指主语的物主代词时, 不能变为被动语态。例如 : The man cut his finger. 那个人割破了手指。He held his tongue when his father asked him. 父亲问他时, 他默不作声。He put his hand on his chest and began to cough. 他把手放在胸上, 开始咳嗽。
