1、1初中英语重要句型及语法1want to do sth.=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth 想做某事want sb to do sth.=would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事2enjoy doing sth. =like dong sth=love dong sth 喜欢 做某事(习惯,爱好) like to do sth 喜欢去做某事 (具体某一次) 3hold on to do sth. 继续做某事go on doing sth. 继续做某事continue doing sth. 继续 做某事consider doi
2、ng sth.考虑 做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事finish doing sth.完成某事have/has/had fun doing sth.某事很快乐have experience doing 在做某事有经验begin doing sth 开始做某事start doing sth 开始做某事spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事make a living doing sth.以 谋生.have a d
3、ifficult time doing sth.做.难have a problem doing sth.做.难have trouble doing sth.做. 难keep on doing sth. = keep sb. doing sth.不停地做某事4be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事 2do well in doing sth 擅长于做某事 thank you for doing sth 感 谢做某事thanks for doing sth 感谢做某事be used for doing sth 被用于做某事be used to doing sth 习惯做某事how
4、about doing sth 做某事怎样what about doing sth 做某事怎样put off doing sth 推迟做某事take pride in doing sth.以为自豪by doing sth 通过做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做某事5be doing sth.正在做某事(现在进行时或过去进行时,也可以表示将来时)be going to do sth =will do sth=shall do sth=want to do st
5、h 打算做某事(将来时)have/has done sth 做过某事(现在完成时)have/has been doing sth 一直做某事(现在完成进行时)have/has been in 一直在某地have/has been to 曾经去过某地(已回来, 强调有这个经历)have/has gone to 已经去某地了(人不在这里)6remember to do sth 记得去做某事(没做)remember doing sth. 记得做 过某事(已做)3forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(没做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过 某事(已做)stop to do st
6、h 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事7ask sb. about sth.向某人 询问某事ask sb.for sth.向某人询求某物8why not do sth 为什么不做某事why dont you do sth 为什么不做某事9Do sth ,please=please do sth 请做某事please not do sth 请不要做某事Dont do sth,please 请不要做某事had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth 最好不做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事mind not doing st
7、h. 介意不做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事decide not to do sth.决定不做某事plan to do sth 计划做某事plan not to do sth 计划不做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make sb.not do sth. 使某人不做某事ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事tell sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事tell sb. not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事try to do sth. 努力做某事try not to do st
8、h. 努力不做某事Let sb do sth 让某人做某事Let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事4expect sb. to do sth 期望某人做某事be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事11.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事need to do sth.需要做某事12.help sb do sth= help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 13.find sb do sth 发现某人做过某事(已做)find sb doing sth
9、 发现某人正做某事see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事(已做)see sb doing sth 看见某人正做某事watch sb do sth 看见某人做 过某事(已做)watch sb doing sth 看见某人正做某事hear sb do sth 听见某人做 过某事( 已做)hear sb doing sth 听见某人正做某事14. Its +形容词+to do sth. = To do sth is+形容词 做是的15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money 做某事花某人一些时间或钱=It takes sb. some time/money
10、 to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间或钱=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)某人花费某些时间或钱在某事上=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花 费某些时间或钱做某事=sth. costs sb. some time/money 某事花了某人一些时间 或钱=sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物花了一些钱15.prefer sb./sth.更喜欢某人/某物5prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事(爱好)prefer to do sth. 更喜欢去做某事(具体某
11、一次)prefer sb. to do sth. 更喜欢某人做某事prefer doing sth to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.更喜欢去做某事而不做某事.do sth rather than do sth 做某事而不做某事或做某事胜于做某事16a number of=many 许多 the number of.的数量,谓语是单数 one of +复数名词或代词 表示“ 之一 ”18because of+词/短语because+句子19borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入) len
12、d sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出) give sth to sb 把某物给某人=give sb sth 给 某人某物20be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be used to do sth 被用于做某事used to do sth 过去常做某事21make a contribution to doing sth.为做贡献look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事 22what + ( a/an)+形名(主 语谓语)!how+形(主语谓语)!6What a beautiful girl she is!她是个多么漂亮的
13、姑娘!What bad weather it is!真糟糕的天气!How delicious the food is!好美味的食物!23too much +名词,表示“太多”much too+形容词或副词,表示“太”24openopen 打开开着的 sleepasleep 睡觉睡着的closeclosed 关闭关着的 wakeawake 醒来醒着的crossacross 动词介词25in front of 在物体内部的前面in the front of 在物体外部的前面26in the tree 外来物在树上on the tree 树本身物在树上27hundred, thousand, mil
14、lion 在具体数字前不能加 s,表示概数时:hundreds of数百, thousands of 数千, millions of 数万。28完成时常和 already 已经,ever 曾经,never 从不,just 刚刚,before 之前,yet 还,so far 到目前为止,these days 目前,since 自从,for 达,计等词连用。结构是“have /has done sth”或“ have/has been doing sth”29. since+时间 点,常和 ago 连用,for+一段 时间,不能和 ago 连用, 动词必须是延续性的如:keep 或 be+形容词等
15、,注意:buy, borrow, lend ,leave, die 等是短暂性动词30too +形容词或副词+to do sth,表示“太而不能”so+形容词或副词+that+ 从句,表示“ 如此以至于.”31except 除了(减去后者)7besides 除了 (加上后者)32含有否定意义的单词有:no 没有,never 从不,nothing 没事,nobody 没人,none没事/没人,hardly 几乎不,few 很少,几乎没有,little 很少,几乎没有。33everyone, everything, something, anything, somebody, anybody 等是
16、不定代词,不定代词做主语时, 谓语用第三人称单数形式。动名 词做主语时, 谓语也用第三人称单数形式。34形/副+enough,如: big enough, busy enough不定代词+形/副,如:something different, anything wrong35. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“ 越, 就越”36比较级前面常用 much, even, a little, far 来修饰 ,绝不能用 more 来修饰.37. be+动词 ing,表示进行时或将来时。be+动词过去分词,表示被动语态,由 by 引出 动作执行者.38主句
17、是一般过去式,从句也要用一般过去时,但从句是客观真理时要用一般现在时。从句要用陈述句语序。39 whetheror not 是否40 if 是否if 如果,引 导 条件状语从句 时:主将从现,从 现主将。 (从句主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加 s 或 es)40. 表达与现在事实相反获与将来事实相反的时候用虚拟语气.从句:If+主语+动词的过去式(be 的过去式一律用 were)。主句:主语+would+动词 原型。841 also, both, all 要放在 be 后,行 为动词前。如:We are all Chinese, We all like China. 我们都是中国人,我们爱中国
18、。42 形容词通常放在 be, keep, sound, look, feel,的后面,副词修饰动词,放在动词的后面,如:The problem is easy,I can do it easily.以下是形容词变为副词:goodwell luckyluckily clearclearly alonelonelyhappyhappily badbadly friendlyfriendlily politepolitelyquickquickly slowslowly especial especially easyeasilycarefulcarefully nearnearly susess
19、fulsusessfully loudloudly43. so+主语+助动词, 表示“确实如此”44.Me,too =so+ 助动词+主 语,用于肯定句,表示“ 也是”Me neither=Neither+助动词+主语= 主语+助动词否定式,either, 用于否定句.如:I am Chinese, Me,too =so am II am not Japanese, Me neither= Neither am I=I am not,either.44. there be 某地有某物have/has 某人有某物there will be=there is going to be 将会有45.w
20、hen+动词过 去式( 短暂性动词)while+be +动词 ing(延续性 动词)46. some 和 something 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句,希望得到肯定的回答。any 和 anything 用于否定句和疑问句。47. 基数词序数词:onefirst twosecond threethird fivefifth twelvetwelfth eighteighth nineninth twentytwentieth48.星期:Sunday ,Monday, Tuesday ,Wednesday ,Thursday , Friday, Saturday月份:January, Febr
21、uary, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.49.季节: spring, summer, autumn, winter.950. good/wellbetterbest 好更好最好bad/badlyworseworst 糟糕更糟糕最糟糕many/muchmoremost 多更多最多farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 远更远最远littlelessleast +不可数名词, 少更少最少fewfewerfewest +可数名 词复数, 少更
22、少最少51.一般疑问句常以 am /iswas, arewere, cancould, do/doesdid willwould, mustmust, shallshould, have/hashad 开头,用 yes 或no 回答.其否定式是:isntwasnt arentwerent dont/doesntdidnt cantcouldnt wontwouldnt havent/hasnthadnt mustmustnt shouldshouldnt注意:must 开头的疑问句不能用 mustnt 回答,而用 neednt 来回答。52选择疑问句用 or 连接, 选择其中一个回答。53.
23、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头:what 什么? where 在哪里? when 什么时候?what time 几点?Why 为 什么? how 怎样?how old 几岁?how many 多少? how much 多少?how often 多久时间一次 how long 多久?(用 for+一段时间回答)how soon 多快(用 in+一段时间回答), 特殊疑问句根据具体情况回答.还有 what color 什么 颜色?what size? 什么尺寸?what subject 什么科目?what do you think of?=how do you like?你认为怎么样?Whats the
24、weather?=hows the weather like?天气如何?54. drivedriver teachteacher readreader playplayer writewriter listenlistener singsinger dancedancerinventinventor visitvisitor act actor cookcook55. windwindy sunsunny cloudcloudy snowsnowy rainrainy56. ChinaChinese JapanJapanese AmericaAmericanCanada Canadian Au
25、straliaAustralian57. AsiaAsian EuropeEuropean1058. peoplepeople ChineseChinese AmericanAmericans sheepsheep footfeet toothteeth childchildren manmen womanwomen tomatotomatoes potatopotatoes heroheroes NegroNegroesleafleaves lifelives thiefthieves knifeknives shelfshelvesselfselves wifewives wolfwolv
26、es59.invent(发明 ) invention(发明) inventor( 发明家) care(小心) careful(小心的) carefully (小心地)operate(手术) operation(手术) helphelpful(有帮助的)friend(朋友) friendly(友好的) happy(高兴的)unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的 )unusual(不平常的 ) like(喜欢)unlike(不喜欢)60. something, anything, somewhere, everyone, everything, each 等是不定代词,不定代词要放在形容词
27、前面,如:somewhere interesting(某个有趣的地方) something wrong(一些毛病)不定代词做主语时,谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如:Everyone in our class likes junk food very much.61. 代词 (pron.)第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数 第三人称单数(三单)第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词 我 你 / 你们 他 她 它 我们 他们主格 I you he she it we they宾格 me you him her it us them物主代词 我的 你的/ 你们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 他们的形容词性 my
28、your his her its our their名词词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs反身代词 myself yourself/yourselves himself herself itself ourselves themselves注:(1)代词要放在短语中间,如:pick it up 不能说 pick up it。(2)主格做主语(动作的执行者) ,宾格做宾语(动作的承受行者) 。(3)形容词性物主代词+名词= 名词性物主代词(4)help yourself 随便吃如:Help yourself to some fruit.(5)enjoy
29、oneself 过得开心. 如:They enjoy themselves.(6)by oneself 单独地,孤独地 . 如:I finish my homework by myself.(7 ) learnby oneself 自习62. 动+ing 形式可以做主语,注意:谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如:Eating more fruits and vegetables is good for our health.63.also 要放在 be 后,行为动词前。(both, all 也一样 )64. be made of 用.制成(能看出原材料)be made from 用制成(看不出原材料
30、) 65. such as 举例( 2 个或 2 个以上对象) for example 举例(只有一个对象)1166. Youre welcome=Not at all 不用谢,别客气。Thats all right=Thats OK=Its my pleasure 不用谢,别客气。67. Thats right 对!Thats wrong 错!All right=Ok 行!好的!68. Thank you all the same= Thank you anyway 依然谢谢!还是谢谢。69. Im sorry to hear that, 听了很难过,很抱歉,很 遗 憾。70.It does
31、nt matter.没关系。 Im sure you will.我相信你会。Im afraid I cant. 恐怕我不能。 Im afraid not.恐怕不会。Its hard to say.很难说。 Im not sure.我没确定。Iv no idea.我没拿定注意。 I think so.我认为这样。Congratulations! 祝贺你! I dont think so. 我不认为。Well done! 干得好! I dont care 我不介意。No hurry 不着急。 Never mind 不介意。71.home, here, there 是副词,前面不能有任何介词,如:g
32、o home 回家,get home 到家,come here 来这, go there 去那里, over there 在那边.71.on ones way home 在某人回家的路上。on the way 在路上。in the way 从某方面说。by the way 顺便说说。72.分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于 1 时,分母要加 s,如:2/3: two thirds, 1/4: one fourth, 3/4:three fourths 或 three quarters,1/2:one second 或 a half, 5/7: five sevenths.73.
33、reach 到达.get to 到达. (get home/here/there)arrive in 到达大的地方. arrive at 到达小的地方.1274. onethe other 一个另一个Some.others. 一些.另一些75. tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的bored 讨厌的 boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的relaxed 放松的 relaxing 令人放松的interested 感兴趣的 interesting 令人感兴趣的76介词的分类1).表示时间的介词:
34、at 在时, on 在时, in 在后, about 大约, around 大约, round 大约, since 自从, for 长达, betweenand 在和之间, fromto 从到.2).表示空间的介词:at 在 ,around 在周围 , round 在周围,on 在上 , above 在 上方, below 在下方, in 在里, out 在外, under 在正下方, over 在正上方。3).表示方位的介词:In 在里 ,out of 从出来 ,though 穿过, past 穿过 , across 穿过, behind 在 后面 , opposite 在对面, up 在高
35、处。4).表示手段 .施动者的介词:with 用, by 用, in 用。5).表示其他含义的介词:of 具有性质的, with 带有, without 没有 except 除了(减去), besides 包括.在内(加上) , 77.介词短语: in the end 最后 in public 在公共场所 work hard 努力学习at the end of 在的末尾 askfor help 向某人求助 break off 中断by the end of 到为止 make mistakes 犯错误 plenty of 许多in class 在课堂上 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 be impressed 被打动了 even though=even if 尽管 a piece of 一片/块/张 an ocean of 许多 take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失