1、1第一章 虚拟语气一 知识归纳1. 虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的应用1) 三种形式条件从句中的动词 结果主句中的动词 示例与现在的事实相反 动词的过去式be 动词一律用 were would/could/might/should +动词原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.与过去的事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/might/should +have +过去分词 You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired.与将来
2、的事实相反 should+动词原形were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should +动词原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.2) 虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时, 可把 if 省略,而把 were, had, should 放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have sign
3、ed the contract.Should I have time, I would call on herShould it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace3) 错综时间条件句在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在-过去)If they had started i
4、n the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去-将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去-现在)4) 含蓄条件句有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气 . 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything for her (if I could)We would have made a lot of money
5、 (but we gave up halfway)Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有 with , without, but for 如:What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if
6、you had not helped us)But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反, 用 were 或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用 had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用 should.如:I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrow
7、I wish she had taken my advice2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be 用 were)It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl2) 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用 had+过去分词 . 如:I feel as if we had kn
8、own each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是 suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange 等动词时,如:I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当 suggest 表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:The smile on h
9、er face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.当 insist 表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea,
10、order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中 .如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening5. would rather, had better 后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间 , 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it todayYou had better not go dancing tonight2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择 . 如:I wo
11、uld rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望 ;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourselfI would rather she had not done that6. it is (high) time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或 should +动词原形, 其中 should 不能省掉.如:2It is time that you went to schoolIt is
12、time that we should start out7. 在含有 if it were not for 或 if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would dieIf it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time8. 用于 if only 引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the fil
13、m!二 学法建议 在学习 if 引起的虚拟条件句时, 同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式, 它将为学习此类句子奠定基础, 在此基础上, 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等 综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气 , if 引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意 在学习 as if 引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式 对 if only 的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点 . 它表示 要是就好了”, 谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实
14、现的愿望. 如:If only she had known where to find you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!五年高考1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. w
15、ill haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested
16、the person _ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he we
17、nt; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told名题精练9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was
18、 ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last S
19、unday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave
20、B. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he
21、_you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. hadnt been, could climb19. Withou
22、t electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about itA. didnt tellB. dont tellC. hadnt tell3D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has
23、stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not doB. Id rather not have doneC.
24、 I should t doD. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA. hadnt lostB. wouldnt loseC. didnt loseD. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didnt doC. dontD. didnt28. The kind-
25、hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had
26、held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadnt hadD. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _t
27、he question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. was
28、B. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should
29、 putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parke
30、r to you, and _ you forget it!A. doB. didntC. didD. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse
31、A. had triedB. hadnt triedC. have triedD. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough?-Dont mention it. Any other man _itA. must doB. could doC. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continueA. be,
32、be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have beenB. it would beC. there would beD. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.4A. request
33、ed, deliverB. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have bee
34、n51. Supposing he never _, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you _ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you kno
35、w, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I _of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we _early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB.
36、did comeC. had comeD. came57. We _last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _the snow, we _the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been , could have climbedD. had
37、not been, could climb59. Without electricity human life _quite different todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be60. I wish I _ you yesterdayA. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see61. He talks as if he _for agesA. is living thereB. was living thereC. has lived thereD. had lived there62.
38、The judge ordered the thief _punishedA. should beB. would beC. was to beD. must be63. Her pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examinationA. be, should haveB. was, haveC. should, hadD. was, has64. They are talking _they had known each other for yearsA. a
39、s ifB. even ifC. likeD. because65. Had you done as I told you, you_A. would succeedB. would have succeededC. were to succeedD. should succeed66. _your help, I _the examA. Without, will failB. If not , will failC. But for, would have failedD. If it is not for, would have failed67. I would rather you
40、_at onceA. leaveB. will leaveC. leftD. should leave68. _today, she would arrive in New York by TuesdayA. If he leavesB. Would he have leftC. Was he leavingD. Were he to leave69. It is high time you _ to schoolA. will goB. would goC. wentD. had gone70. If he had taken the doctors advice, he _been in
41、hospital nowA. shouldntB. hadntC. wouldnt haveD. would not71. It is necessary that he _to the lab right nowA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. is coming72. But that he _ it, he wouldnt have believed itA. seeB. sawC. had seenD. sees73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers_ to hospital at onceA. be
42、 sentB. is sentC. was sentD. should send74. I would buy that car but I _enough moneyA. do not haveB. did not haveC. will not haveD. had not had75. If only we_ about the danger, we couldnt have joined youA. knewB. had knownC. would knowD. should know76. It was ordered that no smoking _in the libraryA
43、. was allowed5B. would be allowedC. be allowedD. had been allowed77. _you come earlier, you would have met himA. ShouldB. wouldC. CouldD. Had78. -You should have finished your homework earlier-I know but I _the timeA. dont haveB. didnt haveC. wont haveD. had not79. I tried his best in everything, _h
44、e wouldnt have been what he wasA. otherwiseB. butC. andD. but that80. How I wish I _such a good chance beforeA. didnt missB. hadnt missedC. metD. have met81. _your letter, I would have started off two days agoA. If I could have receivedB. If I receivedC. Should I receivedD. Had I received82. I would
45、 ask Tom to lend us money if I _ himA. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know83. If it _tomorrow, what shall we do?A. rainsB. would rainC. rainedD. should rain84. If he _come a few minutes earlier, you would have met himA. wouldB. shouldC. /D. had85. If he were to come tomorrow, things_ easierA. shoul
46、d beB. would beC. areD. can be86. If you _that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy nowA. havent watchedB. didnt watchC. hadnt watchedD. wouldnt have watched87. _difficulties, we would be successfulA. Should we overcomeB. Would we overcomeC. Might we overcomeD. Could we overcome88. If o
47、nly everything_ out, as we wanted it to in lifeA. is workingB. workedC. worksD. has worked89. Mary _ to college last year. Unfortunately, she could not take the examinations because of a sudden illnessA. could goB. did goC. could have goneD. must have gone90. I wish it _ not so cold outsideA. shall
48、beB. beC. wereD. is91. He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclockA. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be92. He insisted that he _ our carA. should stealB. would stealC. hadnt stolenD. steal93. Their suggestion is that we_ go out for a walkA. canB. haveC. shallD. /94. It is necessary that he _ in time to attend the meetingA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. need come95. I _that she had left her home yesterdayA. have thoughtB. thinkC. had thoughtD. should think96. W
