1、初中英语语法：句型转换每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。.题型介绍所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子 A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子 B 的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。.题型分类从形式上看，有如下几种形式：某一词或词组的转换；词组与句子的转换；同义句型的转换；为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；句子结构方面的转换
2、。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；常用句型与词汇手段的转换。.具体分类如下一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用 not 来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如 nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly 等，例如：A：Tom does well in maths.B：Tom doesnt do in maths.A：He has much to do.B：He has nothing to do.A：All of my cl
3、assmates like art.B：None of my classmates likes art.2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：A：My brother often has breakfast at school.B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school?A：Toms already weak in English.B：Toms already weak in English, isnt he?A：The red light changes every two minutes.
4、B：How often does the red light change?3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：A：This is an interesting book.B：What an interesting book this is!或 How interesting this book is!二、同义句转换。根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spend-take-cost-take）；(
5、2)三个“到达”（get to-reach-arrive in/at）；(3)四个“收到来信”（hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from）；(4)两个“擅长于”（be good at -do well in）；(5)两个“有空”（be free-have time）；(6)三个“入睡”（go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneself-have a good time）；(8)“给打电话”（call sb.-telepho
6、ne sb.-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.）(9)“飞往”（fly to-go toby air/plane）(10)“自学”（teach oneself-learnby oneself）(11)在方面帮助 helpwith-help (to)do(12)在差 be weak in-do badly in(13)能/会can-be able to(14)更喜欢likebetter than-preferto(15)充满了be full of-be filled with(16)放弃干give up doing-stop doing(17)不再
7、no longer-not any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止干stopfrom doing-keep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks to-because of(22)举手 hands up-put up ones hands(23)最后，终于 at last-in the end(24)与不同 be different from-be not the same as(25)从借入 borrowfrom-lendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go
8、toby bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行车去 go toby bike-ride a bike to(28)为感到自豪 be proud of-be the pride of(29)步行去 walk to-go toon foot (30)独自地 by oneself -alone 等。例如：A：The children had a good time in the park.B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有It seems tha
9、t 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或 Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is wrong with notuntil与 when/after/before 引导的时间状语从句的转换 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike?How do you like
10、?What do you think of?Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts said thatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如：A：I went to bed after I finished my homework.B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.3、if 引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park.B：Unles
11、s it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park.A：If you dont hurry, youll be late.B：Hurry up, or youll be late.A：Fish cant live if there is no water.B：Fish cant live without water.4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/
12、be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.例如：The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has been dead for five months.Its five months since th
13、e old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died.5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：A：I saw they were playing football on the playground. B：I saw them playing football on the playground.A：The teacher found that she was very clever.B：The teacher found her very clever.A：He found that it wa
14、s hard to learn English well.B：He found it hard to learn English well.A：We are sure that we will win to first match.B：We are sure to win to first match.由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?A：W
15、e dont know what we should do next.B：We dont know what to do next.由 when/after/before/while/since/until 引导的时间状语从句可转化为 when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如：A：They went home after they finished their work.B：They went home after finishing their work.A：Mr. Smith has taught English since he came
16、to China.B：Mr. Smith has taught English since coming to China.When sb. +be+数词+years oldat the age of+岁数A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper.B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper.由 sothat引导的结果状语从句可转化为 tooto do或enough to do例如：A：The box is
17、so heavy that I cant carry it.B：The box is too heavy for me to carry.或：The box isnt light enough for me to carry.A：The child is so old that he can go to school.B：The child is old enough to go to school.由 so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为 in order to do例如：A：My father got up early this morning so that he could ca
18、tch the early bus.B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.由 because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为 because of例如：A：We didnt go to the park because it rained.B：We didnt go to the park because of the rain.定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：A：The man who is on the bike is Jim.B：The man on the bike is Jim.A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss.B：The man driving the red car is my boss.A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister.B：The girl called Mary is my sister.
