1、毕 业 论 文论文题目 Research on The Culture Education of English Teaching in Middle SchoolsResearch on The Culture Education of English Teaching in Middle SchoolsxxxxxA thesis submitted to School of Foreign Languages ofxxxx University in partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of Bachelor of A
2、rtsUnder the supervision of xxxxxxxxx UniversityJune，2010ContentsAbstract.i摘 要.iiI. Introduction.11.1 Literature review.11.2 The definition of culture and language .31.3The relationship between culture and language.4II .The importance of culture education in middle schools.62.1 The need of language
3、learning.62.2 The need of intercultural communication7III. The problems of culture education in middle school.83.1. Lacking awareness of culture education.93.2The methods of the culture education are too single.10IV. Approaches to put culture education into English teaching in middle schools.114.1 S
4、tudying culture-loaded vocabulary.114.2 Comparing culture differences.134.3 Using role-playing teaching method.154.4 Making good use of multimedia.154.5 Reading literature works and newspapers.16V. Conclusion.18Works Cited.20Acknowledgements.22AbstractIn traditional English teaching, language knowle
5、dge is paid too much attention to, and words, sentences and grammar are taken as the dominant factors, separated from the culture. English teachers, especially those in middle schools, neglect culture teaching intentionally or unintentionally, because of lacking cultural knowledge themselves. In thi
6、s paper，the first part the author definite the meaning of culture and language in detail . The second part it refers to the importance of culture education in the middle schools English teaching. The third part the author summarizes two main problems: Lacking awareness of culture education; the meth
7、ods of the culture education are too single. The fourth part, the author proposes the following solution: Studying culture-loaded vocabulary; Comparing culture differences; Using role-playing teaching method; Making good use of multimedia; Reading literature works and newspapers .Therefore, this the
8、sis points out that language should be taught with culture even at the beginning. English teachers ought to familiarize the students with culture knowledge through different channels so as not only to enrich and improve English teaching, but also to help students to communicate with English native s
9、peakers of in a correct, proper and decent way.Key words: English teaching; Culture education; Approaches摘 要在传统的英语教学中，教师授课注重语言知识的学习，词，句，语法的学习被作为教学的重点和文化的学习相分离。尤其是中学的英语教师，由于自身缺少对文化知识的了解，有的甚至认为没有必要进行文化教育，因此有意无意忽视文化教育。在本文中，第一部分对文化及语言的定义做了详尽的分析，第二部分提到文化教育对于中学英语教学的重要性。第三部分结合其他学者对于这一问题的探究，从中总结出两点问题：老师和学生缺
10、乏进行文化教学的意识；文化教育过程中存在严重的单一性。第四部分针对以上两点主要问题，提出了以下几点解决方案：从词汇的基础上来了解和学习文化；对比文化的差异；运用角色扮演的教学方法；注重运用多元化的文化教育；阅读大量的文学作品和报刊。所以，本论文的目的意在指出从起步学习英语的同时就应该将语言教学与文化教学统一起来。让学生在多种形式下多角度了解英语文化，并以此丰富和完善英语教学，从而增强文化意识，从而使学生能准确合理，得体的与英语母语者交流。关键词:英语教学；文化教育；途径 .IntroductionLanguage and culture are inseparable. Language is
11、 the most important carrier of culture. Learning a language is learning a culture. Therefore, to learn English well, we need to understand the characteristics of the English language and its cultural background. Mistakes have often been made when we use English, owing to our lack of the knowledge of
12、 English-speaking countries culture. The new English Course Standards (2002) for middle schools has added culture teaching as one of its main parts; From the 1950s, quite a few scholars，both at home and abroad, have researched cultural factors in English teaching. But what and how to teach it in mid
13、dle schools still needs systematic study. Nowadays we notice the importance of cultural factors in English teaching. Teaching language also involves teaching culture. We cannot learn a language without learning the culture in which the language deeply rooted. Language is just like the running water.
14、 It changes in every moment, for culture changes from time to time. If language is a flower, culture will be the soil for this flower. 1.1 Literature reviewSince the 20th century, culture has been illustrated by many philosophers, socialists, anthologists, historians and linguists. According to Brow
15、n (1987) “Culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” Eugene.A.Nida, a famous linguist, translator in the world, defined culture as “the totality of beliefs and practices of a socie
16、ty.”(1998) “culture is the evolving way of life of a group of persons, consisting of a shared set of practices associated with a shared set of products, based upon a shared set of perspectives on the world, and set within specific social contexts”. So culture seems to contain everything in the world
17、, including customs, habits, ideas and beliefs. Culture doesnt come out in one day. When people live in a certain area in groups, their way of working, entertainment, communication or other regular activities appeared. As time went by, these things gradually fixed and shared by the members. Therefor
18、e, everything that a person experienced is part of his or her culture.It is also generally accepted nowadays that “culture” can be interpreted in its broad sense and narrow sense. That is, the traditional notion of culture in language education has been expanded from “culture with a big C” to “cultu
19、re with a small c”. Most scholars support that “culture with a big C” focus on all the achievements and contributions to civilization: art, music, literature, architecture, technology, scientific discovery and philosophy. And “culture with a small c” includes “the behavior patterns of the life style
20、 of people: when and what they eat, how they make a living, the way they organize their society, the attitudes they express towards friends and members of their families, how they act in different situations, which expressions they use to show approval and disapproval, the traditions they must obser
21、ve, and so on”.Meanwhile, scholars in China also have different definitions about culture. According to Zhang Zhanyi (1990), culture can be divided into knowledge culture and communication culture in accordance with its function. Knowledge culture includes a nations politics, economy, education, rel
22、igion, law, arts and literature etc. Communication culture is composed of language and non-language factors including greeting, appreciation, title, euphemism and taboo. It reflects peoples values and beliefs, social customs, psychological statement and the mode of thinking, which is hidden in the l
23、inguistic system. 1.2 The definition of culture and language.1.2.1 The definition of cultureWhat is culture? The definition of culture varies from person to person. Culture is a large and evasive concept, which is very complex and difficult to define.“Culture means the total body of tradition borne
24、by a society and transmitted from generation to generation. It thus refers to the norms, values, standards by which people act, and it includes the ways distinctive in each society of ordering the world and rendering it intelligible. Culture is.a set of mechanisms for survival, but it provides us al
25、so with a definition of reality. It is the matrix into which we are born, it is the anvil upon which our persons and destinies are forged.“ (Robert Murphy. Culture and Social Anthropology: An Overture. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1986: 14)In my mind, culture is a part of life. It is
26、 a way of life ,especially the general customs and beliefs ,of a particular group of people at a particular time. 1.2.2 The definition of language What is language? It definite as any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds,
27、 expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. Language as a social phenomenon was first described by Ferdinand se Saussure who claimed that providing only historical description of languages (as it was done at his time) should not be the only approach to this complex ent
28、ity. He maintained that crucial information about language can be obtained from its common users, who in most cases do not posses practically any theoretical knowledge about their native tongue and yet are competent speakers. Moreover, as Saussure assumed language use reflects the contemporary struc
29、ture which should enable synchronic language analysis (language used at a given point in time) in addition to diachronic analysis concerned with the past linguistic forms. The social aspect of using language, or speech was called parole by Saussure, while the underlying knowledge of linguistic struc
30、ture was known as langue.So from above contents ,we can make a conclusion that language is a broad category.1.3 The relationship between culture and languageA language is a system of written symbols, with standardized meanings. Language is the outward manifestation of the spirit of people: Their lan
31、guage is their spirit, and their spirit is their language. Through words, we are able to communicate with others and express our own ideas; to learn different kinds of experiences and so on. However, the most important function of language is to develop and transmit culture.It is generally accepted
32、that language and culture are closely related to each other. “A language is part of culture and a culture is part of language; the two are intricately interwoven so that one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture” (Brown, 1987:123). Language is the carr
33、ier of culture（Su Dingfang，1996:58). An integral part of languages such as word phrase carries a lot of cultural information, which is a portrayal of human social and cultural life. Knowing a language is not only to know the grammar, vocabulary, discourse patterns, but also the culture behind it, wh
34、ich determine whether the language using in a particular context is appropriate. Therefore, we may say, language is a window to the culture. To practice the culture, we also need language. We need to be able to express ourselves and to communicate with members of the culture. We engage with them in
35、many practices and products. In sum, As Seelye (1984) pointed out, “It is becoming increasingly apparent that the study of language cannot be divorced from the student of culture, and vice versa.” It would be difficult to transmit culture from place to place and from generation to generation without
36、 languages, it is impossible to understand language without cultural context. The formation and development of language is based on culture. Language can not exist without culture. Culture and language are inseparably interwoven with each other because the language is one aspect of its culture and c
37、ulture in turn has profound influence on language. In other words, it is necessary and more proper to teach both language and culture in an integrated way. II . The importance of culture education in middle schools English teachingCulture is a very important part in the whole teaching process. culture education as an important way in middle schools English teaching, no matter
