1、1附录 常用解剖词汇1、头颅解剖颅骨 cranial bone外板 outer plate内板 inner plate板障 diploe脑膜中动脉沟 middle meningeal artery groove静脉沟 venous groove颅缝 cranial suture额缝 frontal suture冠状缝 coronal suture人字缝 lambdoid suture矢状缝 sagittal suture颞顶缝 temporoparietal suture前囟 anterior fontanelle后囟 posterior fontanelle颅前窝 anterior cran
2、ial fossa颅中窝 middle cranial fossa颅后窝 posterior cranial fossa筛板 cribriform plate视神经管 optic canal眶上裂 superior orbital fissure蝶嵴 sphenoidal crest蝶骨大翼 greater wing of sphenoid蝶骨小翼 lesser wing of sphenoid碟鞍 sella turcica前床突 anterior clinoid process2后床突 posterior clinoid process鞍结节 tuberculum sellae鞍背 dor
3、sum sellae垂体 pituitary gland垂体柄 pituitary stalk垂体窝 hypophyseal fossa鞍膈 diaphragm sellae破裂孔 foramen lacerum圆孔 foramen rotundum卵圆孔 foramen ovale棘孔 foramen spinosum斜坡 clivus乳突 mastoid process岩骨尖 petrous apex内听道 internal auditory canal颈静脉孔 jugular foramen枕内隆突 internal occipital protuberance枕外隆突 external
4、 occipital protuberance 枕大孔 foramen magnum脑脊膜 meninges硬脑膜 cerebral dura mater蛛网膜 cerebral arachnoid mater软脑膜 cerebral pia matter大脑镰 cerebral falx小脑镰 cerebellar falx硬膜外隙 epidural space硬膜下隙 subdural soace3蛛网膜下隙 subarachnoid space侧裂池 cistern of sylvius四叠体池 quadrigeminal cistern脚间池 interpeduncular ciste
5、rn鞍上池 suprasellar cistern桥池 pontine cistern小脑上池 supracerebellar cistern小脑延髓池 cerebellomedullary cistern枕大池 cisterna magna蛛网膜颗粒 arachnoid granulations脉络丛 choroid plexus脑脊液 cerebrospinal fluid大脑 cerebrum大脑半球 cerebral hemisphere大脑皮质 cerebral cortex大脑髓质 cerebral medulla脑回 gyrus脑沟 sulcus纵裂 longitudinal f
6、issure侧裂 sylvian fissure额叶 frontal lobe额极 frontal pole顶叶 parietal lobe 枕叶 occipital lobe颞叶 temporal lobe岛叶 insular lobe海马 hippocampus4嗅脑 rhinencephalon胼胝体 corpus callosum胼胝体圧部 splenium of corpus callosum胼胝体干 trunk of corpus callosum胼胝体膝部 genu of corpus callosum胼胝体嘴部 rostrum of corpus callosum胼胝体辐射 r
7、adiation of corpus callosum基底核 basal nuclei纹状体 corpus striatum尾状核 caudate nucleus尾状核头部 head of caudate nucleus 尾状核体部 body of caudate nucleus尾状核尾部 tail of caudate nucleus豆状核 lentiform nucleus壳核 putamen苍白球 globus pallidus屏状核 claustrum杏仁体 amygdaloid body外囊 external capsule内囊 internal capsule内囊前肢 anteri
8、or limb of internal capsule内囊膝 genu of internal capsule内囊后肢 posterior limb of internal capsule间脑 diencephalon背侧丘脑 dorsal thalamus上丘脑 epithalamus下丘脑 hypothalamus5脑干 brain stem中脑 midbrain大脑脚 cerebral peduncle 脚间窝 interpeduncular fossa桥脑 pons小脑桥脑角 cerebellopontine angle黑质 substantia nigra红核 red nucleus
9、延髓 medulla oblongata小脑 cerebellum 小脑半球 cerebellar hemisphere小脑蚓 vermis小脑扁桃体 tonsil of cerebellum齿状核 dentate nucleus小脑脚 cerebellar peduncle脑室 ventricle侧脑室 lateral ventricle侧脑室中央部 central part of lateral ventricle侧脑室前角 anterior horn of lateral ventricle侧脑室后角 posterior horn of lateral ventricle侧脑室下角 in
10、ferior horn of laterial ventricle孟氏孔 foramen of Monro透明隔 septum pellucidum第三脑室 third ventricle视隐窝 optic recess漏斗隐窝 infundibular recess松果体 pineal body6松果体上隐窝 pineal recess第四脑室 fourth ventricle第四脑室正中孔 median aperture of fourth ventricle第四脑室外侧孔 lateral aperture of fourth ventricle视交叉 optic chiasma视束 op
11、tic track乳头体 mamillary body漏斗 infundibulum导水管 aqueduct脑神经 cranial nerves嗅神经 olfactory nerve视神经 optic nerve动眼神经 oculomotor nerve滑车神经 trochlear nerve三叉神经 trigeminal nerve展神经 abducent nerve面神经 facial nerve前庭蜗神经 vestibulocochlear nerve舌咽神经 glossopharyngeal nerve迷走神经 vagus nerve副神经 accessory nerve舌下神经 hy
12、poglossal nerve颈总动脉 common carotid artery颈动脉窦 carotid sinus颈动脉分杈 carotid bifurcation颈外动脉 external carotid artery甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery7咽升动脉 ascending pharyngeal artery脑膜后动脉 posterior meningeal artery舌动脉 lingual artery面动脉 facial artery刻下动脉 submental artery枕动脉 occipital artery脑膜支 meningeal bra
13、nch颞浅动脉 superficial temporal artery上颌动脉 maxillary artery脑膜中动脉 middle meningeal artery颈内动脉 internal carotid artery海绵窦部 cavernous part 海绵窦支 branch of cavernous sinus脑膜垂体干 meningohypophysial trunk眼动脉 ophthalmic artery脑膜返之 recurrent meningeal branch眼上动脉 supraorbital artery脑膜前支 anterior meningeal branch后
14、交通动脉 posterior communicating artery脉络丛前动脉 anterior choroidal artery大脑前动脉 anterior cerebral artery前交通动脉 anterior communicating artery 额支 frontal branch交通后部（胼周动脉） postcommunicating part 胼胝体缘动脉 callosomarginal artery顶枕动脉 parietooccipital artery大脑中动脉 middle cerebral artery8颞极动脉 temporalis polaris artery
15、颞叶前动脉 anterior temporal artery颞叶中动脉 middle temporal artery颞叶后动脉 posterior temporal artery顶叶后动脉 posterior parietal artery角回动脉 artery of angulr gyrus额顶升支 fronto-parietal artery椎动脉 vertebral artery大脑动脉环 cerebral arterial circle基底动脉 basilar artery小脑下后动脉 posterior inferior cerebellar artery小脑下前动脉 anterio
16、r inferior cerebral artery小脑上动脉 superior cerebellar artery 小脑后动脉 inferior cerebellar artery后内侧中央动脉 posteromedial central arteries脉络丛后支 posterior choroidal branch后外侧中央动脉 posterolateral central arteries枕叶外侧动脉 lateral occipital artery枕叶内侧动脉 medial occipital artery 颈内静脉 internal jugular vein颈外静脉 externa
17、l jugular vein脑膜静脉 meningeal vein颞浅静脉 superficial temporal vein面横静脉 facial transverse vein上颌静脉 maxillary veins翼静脉丛 pteryvenous plexus脑膜中静脉 middle meningeal veins 9硬脑膜窦 sinuses of dura mater上矢状窦 superior sagittal sinus下矢状窦 inferior sagittal sinus直窦 straight sinus横窦 transverse sinus窦汇 confluence of si
18、nus枕窦 occipital sinus乙状窦 sigmoid sinus岩下窦 inferior petrosal sinus岩上窦 superior petrosal sinus海绵窦 cavernous sinus蝶顶窦 sphnoparietal sinus大脑静脉 cerebral veins大脑浅静脉 superficial cerebral vein大脑下静脉 inferior cerebral vein 大脑深静脉 deep cerebral veins基底静脉 basal vein大脑大静脉 great cerebral vein大脑内静脉 internal cerebra
19、l vein小脑静脉 cerebellar vein蚓下静脉 inferior vein of vermis蚓上静脉 superior vein of vermis小脑上静脉 superior cerebellar vein小脑下静脉 inferior cerebellar vein小脑中央前静脉 precentral cerebellar vein岩部静脉 petrosal vein额肌 frontatis10颞肌 temporalis枕额肌 occipitofrontatis头半棘肌 semispinalis capitis头夹肌 splenius capitis头皮 scalp2、胸部解
20、剖胸廓 thoracic cage 椎骨 vertebrae肩胛骨 scapula锁骨 clavicle肋骨 costal bone肋软骨 costal cartilage肋间隙 intercostal space胸骨 sternum胸骨柄 manubrium sterni 胸骨体 body of sternum剑突 xiphoid process 胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint肩关节 shoulder joint肋椎关节 costovertebral joints乳房 mamma肺尖 apex of lung 肺门 hilum of lung肺野 lung field
21、肺实质 lung parenchyma肺纹理 lung markings叶间裂 interlobar fissure11斜裂 oblique fissure水平裂 horizontal fissure肺叶 pulmonary lobe上叶 superior lobe中叶 middle lobe下叶 inferior lobe舌叶 lingular lobe尖后段 apicoposterior segment前段 anterior segment后段 posterior segment背段 dorsal segment前基底段 anterior basal segment后基底段 posteri
22、or basal segment外侧基底段 lateral basal segment内侧基底段 medial basal segment气管 trachea支气管 bronchi细支气管 bronchioles气管隆突 carina of trachea气管杈 bifurcation of trachea淋巴结 lymph node气管旁淋巴结 paratracheal lymph node气管支气管旁淋巴结 tracheobronchial lymph node隆突下淋巴结 subcarinal lymph node脏胸膜 visceral pleura壁胸膜 parietal pleur
23、a胸膜腔 pleural cavity12膈 diaphragm肋膈角 costophrenic angle纵隔 mediastinum甲状腺 thyroid gland胸腺 thymus奇静脉 azygos vein半奇静脉 hemiazygos vein副半奇静脉 accessory hemiazygos vein升主动脉 ascending aorta降主动脉 descending aorta主动脉弓 aortic arch头臂干 brachiocephalic trunk胸主动脉 thoracic aorta锁骨下动脉 subclavian artery腋动脉 axillary art
24、ery肋间动脉 intercostal artery肺动脉 pulmonary artery肺动脉干 pulmonary trunk肺动脉瓣 valve of pulmonary trunk肺动脉圆锥 pulmonary conus arteriosus支气管动脉 bronchial artery胸廓内动脉 internal thoracic artery头臂静脉 brachiocephalic vein头静脉 cephalic vein上腔静脉 superior vena cava下腔静脉 inferior vena cava腋静脉 axillary vein13胸廓内静脉 internal
25、 thoracic vein胸导管 thoracic duct垂位心 long narrow heart球形心 oblique globular heart横位心 transverse heart心耳 auricle of heart心房 cardiac atrium心室 cardiac ventricle心尖 cardiac apex心包 pericardium心膈角 cardio-phrenic angle主动脉窗 aortic window房间隔 interatrial septum室间隔 interventricular septum二尖瓣 mitral valve三尖瓣 tricus
26、pid valve主动脉瓣 aortic valve冠状动脉 coronal artery心肌 myocardium胸大肌 pectoralis major胸小肌 pectoralis minor肩胛下肌 subscapularis背阔肌 latissimus dorsi斜方肌 trapezius3、腹部解剖食管 esophagus食管颈段 cervical segment of esophagus14食管胸段 thoracic segment of esophagus食管腹段 abdominal segment of esophagus胃 stomach胃前壁 anterior wall o
27、f stomach胃后壁 posterior wall of stomach胃大弯 greater curvature of stomach胃小弯 lesser curvature of stomach胃角切迹 angular incisure 贲门 cardia胃底 fundus of stomach胃体 body of stomach幽门 pylorus 幽门管 pyloric canal粘膜 mucous membrane粘膜下层 submucous layer肌层 muscular layer浆膜 serous membrane胃小区 gastric areas胃小沟 gastric
28、groove小肠 small intestine十二指肠 duodenum十二指肠上部，球部 superior part of duodenum十二指肠降部 descending part of duodenum十二指肠水平部 horizontal part of duodenum十二指肠升部 ascending part of duodenum十二指肠空肠曲 duodenojejunal flexure十二指肠纵襞 longitudinal fold of duodenum15十二指肠乳头 duodenal papilla空肠 jejunum回肠 ileum大肠 large intestin
29、e盲肠 cecum回盲瓣 ileocecal valve 阑尾 vermiform appendix结肠 colon升结肠 ascending colon横结肠 transverse colon降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon结肠右曲 right flexure of colon结肠左曲 left flexure of colon结肠袋 haustra of colon直肠 rectum直肠壶腹 ampulla of rectum肛门 anus肠系膜 mesentery腹膜 peritoneum腹腔 peritoneal cavity腹主动脉 abd
30、ominal aorta 腹腔干 celiac trunk胃左动脉 left gastric artery胃十二指肠动脉 gastroduodenal artery胰十二指肠上动脉 superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 胃网膜动脉 gastroepiploic artery16胃短动脉 short gastric antery肠系膜上动脉 superior mesenteric artery肠系膜下动脉 inferior mesenteric artery空肠动脉 jejunal artery回肠动脉 ileal artery回结肠动脉 ileocolic a
31、rtery盲肠动脉 cecal artery阑尾动脉 appendicular artery右结肠动脉 right colic artery中结肠动脉 middle colic artery左结肠动脉 left colic artery乙状结肠动脉 sigmoid arteries直肠上动脉 superior rectal artery胃网膜静脉 gastroepiploic vein胰十二指肠静脉 pancreaticoduodenal vein肠系膜上静脉 superior meseneric vein空肠静脉 jejunal vein回肠静脉 ileal vein回结肠静脉 ileoco
32、lic vein右结肠静脉 right colic vein阑尾静脉 appendicular vein直肠上静脉 superior rectal vein肝脏 liver肝门 porta hepatis肝脏右叶 right lobe of liver肝脏左叶 left lobe of liver外侧段 lateral segment17内侧段 medial segment前段 anterior segment后段 posterior segment方叶 quadrate lobe尾叶 caudate lobe 镰状韧带 falciform ligament of liver肝圆韧带 liga
33、mentum teres hepatic肝总动脉 common hepatic artery 肝固有动脉 proper hepatic artery肝右动脉 right hepatic artery 肝左动脉 left hepatic artery肝静脉 hepatic veins肝门静脉 hepatic portal vein胆囊 gallbladder胆囊窝 fossa for gallbladder胆囊管 cystic duct胆管 bile duct胆总管 common bile duct肝外胆管 extrahepatic bile duct肝胰壶腹 hepatopancreatic
34、ampulla十二指肠乳头 duodenal papilla肝胰壶腹括约肌 sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla胰头 head of pancreas 胰体 body of pancreas胰尾 tail of pancreas钩突 uncinate process胰管 pancreatic duct18脾脏 spleen脾门 hilum of spleen脾动脉 splenic artery脾静脉 splenic vein肾脏 kidney肾门 renal hilum肾窦 renal sinus肾皮质 renal cortex肾髓质 renal medulla肾锥体 renal pyramids肾乳头 renal papilla肾柱 renal columns肾盂 renal pelvis肾盏 renal calyx肾周脂肪组织 perirenal adipose tissue肾筋膜 renal fasciaGerota 筋膜 Gerotas fascia肾动脉 renal artery叶间动脉 interlober artery肾静脉 renal vein 叶间静脉 interlober vein输尿管 ureter膀
