1、Grammar,Passive Voice,一. 复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice)英语动词有主动语态 （the active voice） 和被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态),Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.,转换规则：,用公式表示为:(主动) S
2、+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如： Miss Li is teaching music now.,一般：be done 进行：be being done 完成：have been done,时,式,二、常见主被动时态变化一览表,am/is/are being given,has/have been given,was/were being given,had been given,shall/will have been given,1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. The water is being t
3、urned into vapour. 3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 4. He was seen to enter the room. 5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.,6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending picturesby electricity. 7. Madame Curie will always be remembered
4、as the discoverer of the element radium. 8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.,不定式被动式的用法:,不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用 不定式的被动式。 一般被动式即 to be done表示其动作与谓语 动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生; 完成被动式即to have been done表示不定式 动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。,e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month. 他命令在月内建成这座
5、桥。(一般被动式) She was glad to have been given so much help. 得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。(完成被动式),三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表,to be done,to have been done,The meeting to be held is of great importance. (2) The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) This house see
6、ms to have been built by a good architect.,More examples:,通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成 的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及 被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：,They say that Mike is sick in bed.,It is said that Mike is sick in bed.,Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起.,People believe that he was killed.,It is believed tha
7、t he was killed.,He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了。,二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式, 在句中作 主语、宾语、定语, 或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。 It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主语) She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语) He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语) The bo
8、ok is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语) She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语),三、不定式的主动形式表示被动,在 there be 结构中。例如： There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2. 在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy, d
9、ifficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。如： He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with,3. 在“tooto do; enough to do”结构中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out/(to be worked out)The house is big enough
10、 to live in. 4. 在“with +n + to do”结构中。例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema,5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如： I have a letter to type today (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say?(you是to say的逻辑主语) 6. 当不定式隐含在 for sb. to do结构中时。 例如：This is the best book
11、to read (=for usyou to read) The important thing to do is to lock the doorwhen we leave the house,7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有 let (出租), rent, hire, blame 等。例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.,8.不定式同疑问词连用时.In society, I really dont know who to complete fairly with.,NOTICE,动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被
12、动 语态形式的使用普遍, 有时(尤其在口语中) 虽然意思上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态 形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.,I. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。 1. He wanted the letter _ (type) at once. 2. It is the first such project _ (design) by Chinese engineers.,练一练,to be typed,to be designed,3. They knew
13、him _ (arrest) by the police. 4. Hell show you the right path _ (take). 5. He said he was _ (send) there to attend an important meeting next Friday.,to have been arrested,to take,to be sent,6. She didnt want her son _ (take) away. 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ (tell) everyt
14、hing. 8. She is busy preparing for the exams _ (hold) next month. 9. He hurried to the station only _ (tell) that the train had left.,to be taken,to have been told,to be held,to be told,1. Go over key words and expressions. 2. Go over the grammar and do the exercise on page 14 in the textbook.,Homew
15、ork,Ex.2 P.14 1. to be designed 2. to be rebuilt 3. to be accompanied by 4. to be known as 5. to be filled with 6. to be tested out 7. to be envied 8. to be set aside,2,3,list divide connect attach accompany organize surround,On the morning of December 10th, Marion began to write her cards for Chris
16、tmas. There were so many. She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send. They_ _ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names. There were sixty in all. The cards would _ into six piles of ten. She planned to write a few every afternoon Because from then on till Christ
17、mas her time would_ into shopping, cooking as well as writing the cards. But that,were listed,be divided,be organized,afternoon there would be no time for cards. She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully . She was _ _ by her neighbor, Sally . They_ _ to a community program. Then on C
18、hristmas Day their families would _by lovely flower displays, excellent presents , and above all family affection. Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy. Thinking of that she sighed happily and began towrite the first card.,to be accompanied,were connected,be surrounded,be attached,be attached to1)喜爱 2) 跟.一起,Rules for polite behavior in China.,4,1.It is impolite to leave before elderly people in public. 2. To interrupt your parents conversation is considered rude. 3.It is polite for you to stand up when you are talking toan older person.,
