1、21 庄子二则,新课导入,庄周曾梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶，轻舞飞扬、飘然快乐。于是他全然忘记了自己是庄周。醒来之后，却是僵卧在床的庄周，庄子对于自己究竟是庄周还是蝴蝶感到惊奇诧异。仔细想想，不知是庄周做梦变成蝴蝶了呢，还是蝴蝶做梦变成了庄周？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
2、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
3、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,庄子的想法表达了一种人生如梦的人生态度。今天，就让我们一起走近庄子，学习庄子的人生哲学！,学习目标,了解庄子的作品及其思想主张；积累常用文言词语，整体把握课文大意。（重点） 理解课文中寓言阐述的道理。（难点） 学习庄子追求逍遥洒脱的人生态度，无所恃的绝对自由的精神境界。（难点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
4、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
5、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者简介,庄子(约前369前286)，名周，战国时宋国蒙(今河南商丘东北)人，著
6、名的思想家，道家学派的重要代表人物，与老子并称为“老庄”。,庄子是庄周及其后学（后世演绎庄子学说）的著作集，为道家经典之一。庄子一书，据汉书艺文志记载有52篇，现在仅存33篇，分为内篇、外篇、杂篇。庄子散文在先秦诸子中独具风格，文章已完全突破了语录形式而发展成为专题论文。庄子的散文辛辣、幽默、形象、生动，富有趣味性以及艺术魅力。,作品简介,北冥有鱼出自庄子中的逍遥游。庄子，道家经典之一，今存33篇，内篇7篇、外篇15篇、杂篇11篇。庄子的文章，想象奇幻，构思巧妙，善用寓言和比喻，文笔汪洋恣肆，具有浪漫主义的艺术风格。它不仅有很高的哲学成就，对后世文学的发展也有着深远的影响。庄子的主要主张是绝对
7、自由的人生观，就是要达到无己、无功、无名的境界。人们评价这本书为“文学的哲学、哲学的文学”。鲁迅先生更评价说：“其文则汪洋辟阖，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也。”,北冥有鱼,北冥（mng）有鱼，其名为鲲（kn）。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。是鸟也，海运则将徙（x）于南冥。南冥者，天池也。齐谐（xi） 者，志怪者也。谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟（tun）扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。天之苍苍，其正色邪（y）？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,北冥有鱼,北冥有鱼，其名为
8、鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。,冥： 鲲： 怒：垂天之云：,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名。,振奋，这里指用力鼓动翅膀。,悬挂在天空 的云。,夸张,动作描写,介绍鲲鹏形体,北海有一条鱼，它的名字叫作鲲。鲲的体积，不知道有几千里；鲲变化成为鸟，它的名字就叫鹏。鹏的脊背，不知道长几千里；当它奋起而飞的时候，那展开的双翅就像悬挂在天边的云。,是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者，天池也。齐谐者，志怪者也。谐之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。,海运： 志怪： 水击： 抟：
9、扶摇： 息： 野马：,海水运动。,记载怪异的事物。,击水，拍打水面。,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,盘旋飞翔。,旋风。,引用：表明这种情形真实可信。,山野中的雾气，奔腾如野马。,气息，这里指风。,这只鹏鸟呀，海水运动时，将要飞到 南海去。南海是个天然的大池。齐谐是一部专门记载怪异事物的书。这本书上记载说：“鹏鸟迁徙到南海之时，翅膀击水而行，激起的波涛有三千里，它乘着旋风盘旋而上飞至九万里高空，它离开北海是凭着六月的大风”。山野中的雾气，空气中的尘埃，都是生物用气息吹拂的结果。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
10、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
11、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。,苍苍： 正色： 邪：极： 下： 是：,湛蓝。,同“耶”，疑问语气词。
12、,真正的颜色。,尽。,向下。,想象高空俯视情景,这样。,天空是那么湛蓝湛蓝的，是它真正的颜色吗？还是因为天空高远没法看不到它的尽头呢？大鹏在天空往下看，也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。,结构梳理,北冥有鱼,介绍鲲鹏形体,有所恃,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,想象高空俯视情景,课文解读,文章标题为“北冥有鱼”，后来怎么又写鸟了？ 鸟为什么要徙于南冥？ 鲲鹏由北海飞到南海，需要借助什么条件？ 雾气、尘埃需要借助什么才能飘扬？,读课文，思考讨论下列问题。,课文解读,5.在庄子的作品中，往往借用寓言故事说理。把思想、道理寄托于生动的形象中，使文章生动活泼，颇具诗意，寓意隽永，感染力强。文章借鲲鹏的寓言说明什么道理？
13、 6.任何事物的存在都是依附于一定的条件，那么人对事物的认识有没有局限呢？鹏鸟有没有局限呢？,读课文，思考讨论下列问题。,大鹏的形象如何呢？作者又是怎样描写这一形象的呢？,深入探究,鲲鹏形体硕大无比，变化神奇莫测，奋飞时气势壮美。从体大、背大、翼大以及活动范围大（长度：从北海到南海；高度：九万里）四个方面极写鲲鹏形象磅礴壮观。,用夸张、比喻、想象的手法描述鲲鹏，“不知其几千里也”言其形，“若垂天之云”言其翼，“北冥”“南冥”“九万里”言其活动天地，极言鲲鹏形体之大、变化之神奇、飞腾时气势之壮观，一开头就向我们展示了一幅雄奇壮丽的画卷。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
14、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
15、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨归纳,这则故事以大鹏南飞作比喻，说明世上的万物无论大小
16、，存在都依附于一定的条件，活动都有所恃。,艺术特色,1.巧借寓言，富有哲理。,庄子运用大鹏南飞凭借风的力量的故事，讲述了大鹏飞翔受到了风的限制，还是有所依赖的，所以大鹏还是有所恃，说理形象，寓意深远。,2.对比鲜明，道理明确。,那些山野中的雾气(“野马”)、飞尘(“尘埃”)，空中的活动之物(“生物”)，皆由风相吹而动。与鲲、鹏相比，它们实在是太渺小了，但它们要能够动起来，依然要有所凭借，即有所“恃”。,3.想象丰富，意境开阔。,“大鹏”“野马”“尘埃”都展现了庄子丰富的想象力，想象雄奇瑰丽，汪洋恣肆，跌宕多姿，用形象、生动的故事来说明一个它们都有所恃，没有达到真正的逍遥的道理。,拓展延伸,庄子有许多内容已演化为寓言和成语，保留在现代汉语中。下列寓言和成语都出自庄子：,鹏程万里 扶摇直上 越俎代庖 望洋兴叹 朝三暮四 薪火相传 东施效颦 盗亦有道 无中生有 枯鱼之肆 呆若木鸡 无用之用 蜗角之争 每况愈下 涸辙之鲋 邯郸学步 窃钩者诛，窃国者诸侯 成者英雄败者贼,拓展延伸,庄子名言：,1、狗不以善吠为良，人不以善言为贤。 2、节饮食以养胃，多读书以养胆。 3、哀莫大于心死，而人死亦次之。 4、吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。 5、君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘若醴。,庄子名言,
