1、动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing 形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词 ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusin
2、g, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。全析提示：动词-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night 的逻辑主语是 her)二、 动词-ing 形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具
3、有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a hou
4、se that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing 形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visitin
5、g Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing 形式作宾补1、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting. = The film is f
6、ound very exciting.3、能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词， （常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词， （常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burni
7、ng all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch 等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。四、动词-ing 形式作状语动词-ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing 形式作时间、原因、
8、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(= After we have made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill.)3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His fathe
9、r died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
