1、ISSN 1000-0054CN 11-2223/ Nbv(1 S)J T singh ua Un iv ( Sci 差动式驱动器的响应速度受SM A弹簧冷却速度的制约,要控制驱动电流; 差动驱动器比偏动驱动器性能优良, 在智能机械结构中应用将有广阔的前景。1oM: 形状记忆合金; 电加热驱动; 驱动特性ms |: T H 142. 2DS M : AcI|: 1000-0054( 2003) 02-0188-04Experimental investagation ofelectrothermal driving mechanismof SMA spring actuatorsWANG Ji
2、nhui, XU Feng, YANShaoze, WENShizhu( Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)Abstract: T he electrothermal drive characteristics of actuators usingSM A spr ings in in telligent mechan ical structur es w ere studiedex plain analysis more ex perim
3、 entally theorefually. The analysissh ow ed th at th e actuator bandw idths depend on the dr iving curren t,the pre-tensile length, the cooling speed an d the load . Th e restoringvelocity of a biased actuator is in proportion to th e driving curren t.T he b andw idth of a tw o-w ay actuator wh ich
4、inclu des two on e-w aySM A elements is constrained by th e cooling speed of the SMAsprings, so the drivin g cu rrent must be controlled. Tw o-w ayactuators w ith tw o one-way SMA elem ents h ave better drivech aracteristics th an biased actuators, so they can be more w idelyused in intelligent mech
5、anical structures.Key words: shape memory alloy actuator; electrothermal driving ;driving character istics:k( shape memory alloy, SM A)TB ? :krar.+D 5 W 1j4bSM A / z z V1 E,1( 1), W1,t bt?a 3Da 5 -d 5j8bSM A z Mv, ze,| ? -bi5 1B SM A z aMY W1“ 9j11 ,# z z z ?bN, SM A z , z z ?a 1“ L, z !94 $ - Hqb1
6、SMA弹簧驱动器SM A z s z z bSM A z BQT, ?1F - b z V LCQTb z VSM A T,9 VSMA Z TbSM A) , V L, Ma 4 e, M 4b z SM Aq ? 3 q(m1b) :F SM Aq, z 3m1SMA z 3 _PM, SM Aq, T/, z 3_Mb z SMAq(m1c) :sYF SM Aq, 3Mb “ - z b2 SMA弹簧驱动器电热驱动变形原理分析“ -, SM A z F Z T3:F aWF a / 8F , F KZLZEbYV eSMA F eSM A, LCSM AYa M eb y a F HW
7、1“ T:H( t) = H0 + I2RhA ( 1 - ehAmct) , ( 1)T: H( t)SM A ,; H0 i,; IF , A; RSM A E, 8; h . “ , W / ( m 2K ) ; ASMA ( , m 2; mSM A , kg; cSMA , J/ ( kgK)b. “ hSM A +avla Hq1, k b V, , V . “ hVr T 12 :T: Ms VMM 7 S; M f VMM ; tSM AVMs M f HWb HWt V p . “ hbm2 SMA- HW wLm2SM A HW1“ wLbF S ,L 6; “ 6,SMA
8、 qv9v, 6 vM ;F qSM A qM H, SM A tbF v, 6 y, z Y bF V PSM A ,SM A 1“ 9 , V LCz M eb3 实验与结果分析3. 1 L LZE F ,sYSM ASM A/ z +b kSMA , 94TiNi:k bL D= 9 mm , d= 1 mmbSMA L SMAr n= 9,:kL 0= 20. 0 m mbSM A z K = 0. 15 N/ mmSM A1 F; SM A z SM A1 Fb z SM A M:r n= 4,r:kL 0=8. 0 m mbm3 z F HVbm3 z z Hm3. 2SMA z
9、+m4SMA ( 1“wLb Vn ( F L1“:F v, 9vb9F , VA4Y bF Vv, PSM AV , :k ?bm4SMA z ( 1“ wL189,:SM A z z # Lm5M SM A ( YbM l H, M 9v, ( M 9F A;7M rB, 9F h bM Vv H, 3 VMb1 yM SMAYbm5M SMA z ( 1“ wLm6SM A ( 1“bvlSM A ( Q11“bVv PSMA ? M,HW)/,:/ , SMA ?bm6 ( 1“ wL3. 3SMA z +m7 z /SM A z BF - M- HW wL,mTV Uz V0MKvM
10、 Hb V A:1) v,V0MKvM H bF ( 11“; 2) v, z KvMvb y :z , SM Ar H(m2) , T, SM A s v,? 3MM,l z ? PSM Ar ? 3MM; 3) V, z HW-M1“ sF Yb z Ml, 4 l, z , z 0M H9, P z Y bm7 z M- HW wL3. 4SMA z +m8 z /SM A z B =M- HW wL, z 25 mmbm V A: 1) z V0MKvM,0M,M- HW wLby z SM A B SM A |7, Mb2)SM A z ,z Y 11“, I =2. 37 AI=
11、2. 90 AM Mby v H,F ? 3MM,9F;7 6B , ? 3 IMM,v; z Tb Vn,NHM 1 sSMA Yb3) z ?1 z zb z l H,9 ? bySM A HMv, SM A ,$M H , z M1$F SM A %;7 z Mb z M1 z vb1m7m8:F H,F l H,SM A M y, z 1 z T ;F v H, z T 1 s 6BSM A , ? T, z V0MKvM 1 z y;VKvM0190 bv(1 S) 2003, 43( 2)m8 z M- HW wLM, z L (vhl) , z LSM A ( 9v) , , z
12、 11 z bV ,F ? v, z 9Y 1 z b4 结 论3 SM A z z ?, SMA z sbSMA z MaY sz a aM Yv,!9 H14 a b9F z , VA4Y : SMA z F V 1; SM A zY sSM A ;Vv ?4Y ,V :k ?,yN z 1 eBS =bSM A sYv, e 4 e z M , 14a M 8 Q ebV4Y a M , z 1 z ? , ?| -b ID( References)1 Hu mbeeck J V. Non-medical application of shape m emoryalloys J . Ma
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14、X D, Fan Y Z, W u J S. A stuy on th e variations of th eelectrical resistance for NiT i sh ape memory w ires durin g th ethermo-mechanical loading J . Materials and Design, 2000,21: 511 515.5 Hu ang W . On the selection of sh ape mem ory alloys foractuators J . Materials and Design, 2002, 23: 11 19.
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17、0, 16( 12) : 23 28.LI Mingdong . Study on w ork mechanism and en ergytransition of th e bias tw o way sma actuator J. MachineDesign and Research, 2000, 16( 12) : 23 28. ( in C hinese)11fT C.:kM J . Fv(1 S) , 2000, 24( 4) : 95 97.ZHANG Zuolong. Deformation velocity of shape m emoryalloy sp ring J . J the Univ of Petroleum, 2000, 24( 4) : 9597. ( in Chinese)12 Katholieke U niversiteit Leuven . Design aspects of shapem emory actuators J . Mechatronics, 1998, 8: 635 656.191,:SM A z z # L
