1、12019 年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理第一部分 词法考点七 形容词的用法一、以-ly 结尾的形容词1.大部分形容词加 -ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely ，lively ，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly ，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.二、用形容词表示类别和整体1.某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the
2、 dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind， the hungry。 The poor are losing hope.2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.三、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词- 数词- 描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色 ) -出处- 材料性质，类别）a small round table
3、a dirty old brown shirtan expensive Japanese sports car四、形容词变副词方式1.在形容词词尾直接加 -ly，构成副词。如： usual-usually, bad-badly 等。注：不是所有以-ly 结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加 -ly 可以转化为形容词。如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely 等。2.以“辅音 字母 + y”结尾的单词，变 y 为 i，再加-ly，如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily 等 ，并且要注意2这些单词的变化：polite-p
4、olitely, true-truly, terrible-terribly 等。五、形容词的同级比较 as + 原级 adj. + as 和一样Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他哥哥一样高。 not as/so + 原级 adj. + as 不如My English is not as/so good as his. 我的英语不如他的好。六、形容词的比较级 比较级+than. 比 更This road is wider than that one. 这条路比那条路宽。This computer is less expensive than mine. 这台
5、电脑比我的便宜。 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越，就越 The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 海拔越高，空气就越稀薄。 比较级+and +比较级 越来越Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了。【注意】避免双重比较。在比较级前不能再加 more，加 more 就属于双重比较。This road is more wider than that one. ()This road is wider than that one. ()相比较的前后
6、两部分必须是同类比较 My pencil is longer than you. ()My pencil is longer than yours. ()比较要符合逻辑，要避免与自身相比Tom is taller than any boy in his class. ()Tom is taller than any other boy(或 all the other boys/anybody else/any of the other boys )in his class. ()3在比较中，要注意把相比的主语和宾语排除出来，避免与自身相比。误句中的“any boy”(任何一个男孩）包括了汤姆，
7、汤姆不能比他本身还高，不符合逻辑。有些含有比较级的句子里，常用 that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter . The boys in our class are more than those in your class . 注意比较级前表示程度可用的修饰语和不可用的修饰语比较级前可用修饰语：much，a lot，far（. 得多），a little，a bit（一点）， still（仍然），even（甚至），two ti
8、mes（两倍），以及具体的数词，如：two years 等修饰。但是不可以用 very 和 many 来修饰。He is very taller than his brother. ()He is much taller than his brother. ()七、形容词的最高级1.基本用法用于三者或三者以上的比较时，表示“最”的要用最高级形容词。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词 the，后面常有一个 in/of 短语来表示比较范围。I am the tallest in our class. 我是班里个子最高的。My movements are the most graceful of us t
9、hree. 三个人中我的动作是最优雅的.2.惯用句型the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . one of + the +形容词的最高级+ 复数名词 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. 八、形容词原级与比较级、最高级的转换 1.原级与比较级的转换倍数+ as as (倍数-1)+比较级+than This room is five times as big as that one=This room is four t
10、imes bigger than that one .42.比较级与最高级的转换 the +最高级+ of / in.比较级+than+any other +单数名词 +the other +复数名词 +anyone else +any of the other+复名 Nobody else + 比较级 + than Tom is the tallest boy in our class . Tom is taller than any other boy in our class. Tom is taller than the other boys in our class. Nobody
11、else is taller than Tom in our class. 考点八 副词的用法1、副词的分类1.时间副词表示时间，如：now 现在 ;today 今天; soon 很快; ago 以前2.地点副词表示地点，如：there 那里; here 这里; out 在外边; up 在上边3.方式副词描述动作发生的方式，如：slowly 缓慢地; quickly 迅速地; carefully 细心地4.程度副词描述行为、动作或状态的程度，如：too 太; really 的确; quite 相当5.频度副词表示一定时间内动作发生的次数，如：always 总是；sometimes 有时6.疑问
12、副词用来引出特殊疑问句，如： why 为什么; where 在哪里; when 什么时候 7.关系副词用来引导定语从句，如：where，when ，why8.连接副词用来连接句子或从句，如：therefore 因此，however 但是；用来引导名词性从句或者和动词不定式连用，如 when, why, where, how二、副词的基本用法1.副词用来修饰形容词、其他副词，一般放在被修饰词之前。He plays the piano very well . 52.副词用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后。 He got up quickly. 3.enough 修饰 adj /adv 时，放在其后 .
13、He is old enough to go to school . 三、常见副词用法辨析 1.already 与 yet 的区别 already 用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet 用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”He had already left when I called. Have you found your ruler yet？ 2. very，much 和 very much 的区别 very 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用 very much。 John is very honest. This g
14、arden is much bigger than that one. Thank you very much. 3.so 与 such 的区别 so 修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. He is such a boy. so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 such+形容词 +可数名词复数/不可数名词 He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy. It is such cold weather. The
15、y are such good students. 名词前有 many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用 so 不用 such .(多多少少仍用 so)， 但 little 表示 “小的”时用 suchThere are so little sheep on the hill.64.also，too，as well 与 either 的区别 also，as well，too，用于肯定句， also 常用于 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too 用于句末；either 用于否定句中，置于句末。 My father is a teacher.
16、My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well. I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French either. 5.sometime， sometimes，some time 与 some times 的区别 sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。 sometimes：有时，不时= at times some
17、time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍 Well have a test some time next month. Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. I have been to Beijing some times. 6.ago 与 before 的区别 ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before 指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。 I sa
18、w him ten minutes ago He told me that he had seen the film before. 7.now，just 与 just now 的区别 now 与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为 “现在”just 与现在完成时连用，表示“刚” just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才” 7Where does he live now？ We have just seen the film. He was here just now. 8.lonely / alone 的区别 1)alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作 adj 也可作 adv.
19、2)lonely 表示孤独、寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉、偏僻的，常与 feel 连用。 3)alone 只作表语 (以 a 开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作定语)，而 lonely 既可作表语，也可作定语) He lives alone on a lonely island . He is alone ,but he doesnt feel lonely. 四、副词的同级比较1.as+原级副词+as，表示前后两者情况一样You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一样快。2.not as/so+原级副词+as，表示前者不如后者He cant use the compute
20、r so/as well as you. 他用电脑没有你用得好。五、副词的比较级 比较级+than. 比 更 He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越，就越The harder you work, the better youll learn. 你学的越用功，你就会学得越好。 more and more. 越来越She plays the piano more and more beautifully. 她钢琴弹得越来越好听了。六、副词的最高级同形容词最高级用法基本一致 (the) + 副词最高级 + (in/of/among)He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中学习最用功的。8She lives (the) nearest to the school. 她离学校住的最近。
