1、Unit 5,At the weekend,New words,1.weekendwi:kend n. 周末; 星期六和星期日（或略长一点的）休息时间;vi. 过周末，度周末;adj. 周末的;过去分词: weekended 复数: weekends 过去式: weekended 现在分词: weekending 第三人称单数: weekends,短语：this weekend 这周末联想：Saturday SundayI often vist my grandparents at the weekend.,1. weekend 指“周末”，在5天工作制的国家，指星期六和星期日；在 6 天工作
2、制的国家，指星期日，与 weekday（周日）相对，为可数名词。如：We must go and have a weekend there. 我们应当到那里度周末。We spend alternate weekends at our country cottage. 我们每隔一周到我们的乡间住宅过一次周末。,2. 表示“在周末”，英语可用 at on the weekend 或 at on weekends（用介词 at 为英国英语，用 on 为美国英语），但习惯上不说 in the weekend 或 in weekends。如：We usually do our shopping at t
3、he weekend. 我们通常利用周末采购物品。They like to go ballooning on the weekend. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。Traffic on the roads is heaviest at weekends. 周末的交通最为繁忙。The library is closed on weekends. 周末图书馆关门。,若不是表示“在周末”，则可根据情况与其他介词搭配。如：The weather ought to improve after the weekend. 过了周末天气应当好起来。Tom is always going away for weeke
4、nds. 汤姆每个周末总是外出。Why dont you and I go away for the weekend? 咱们俩何不到外地去度周末呢? The weather is stormy and will remain so over the weekend. 今天是暴风雨天气，整个周末都会是这样。Could you oblige me with five pounds until the weekend? 能借我5英镑吗，周末还你,3. 当 weekend 与 this, that, last, next, every 等搭配时，其前不用介词 at 或 on。如：We are expe
5、cting guests this weekend. 我们本周末要来客人。Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend. 在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。Tomorrows difficult. Id rather yon came next weekend. 明天有困难，我希望你下周末来。Peggy was pretty rude to my family last weekend. 佩吉上个周末对我家人很不礼貌。We go boating on the lake every weekend.
6、 我们每个周末都到湖上划船。,2.stayste vt.过去分词: stayed 复数: stays 过去式: stayed 现在分词: staying 第三人称单数: stays,be here to stay | have come to stayto be accepted or used by most people and therefore a permanent part of our lives 为多数人所接受；得到普遍认可It looks like televised trials are here to stay.看来电视直播审判成了一种风气。stay the course
7、to continue doing sth until it has finished or been completed, even though it is difficult 坚持到底Very few of the trainees have stayed the course.极少受训者坚持到底了。,stay the night(especially British English) to sleep at sbs house for one night 过夜You can always stay the night at our house.你什么时候来都可以住在我们家。stay a
8、way (from sb/sth)to not go near a particular person or place 离开，不接近（某人）；不去（某处）I want you to stay away from my home.我要你离我家远远的。,stay into not go out or to remain indoors 不外出；待在室内I feel like staying in tonight.今晚我想待在家里stay onto continue studying, working, etc. somewhere for longer than expected or afte
9、r other people have left 留下来继续（学习、工作等）,stay outto continue to be outdoors or away from your house at night 待在户外；不在家；（晚上）不回家(of workers 工人) to continue to be on strike 继续罢工stay out of sthto not become involved in sth that does not concern you 不介入；不干预to avoid sth 避开；远离to stay out of trouble 避免惹麻烦,stay
10、 overto sleep at sbs house for one night 过夜stay upto go to bed later than usual 深夜不睡；熬夜Youve got school tomorrow. I dont want you staying up late .你明天要上学。我不想让你熬夜。,3.film flm n. 影片; 电影; 胶片; 薄层;vt.复数: films 过去式: filmed 现在分词: filming 第三人称单数: films同义词：movie短语：see/watch a movie联想：cinema,4.boat bt n. 小船，小
11、艇; 轮船;vi. 乘船，划船;vt. 用船运输; 用船装运;复数: boats形近词：coat 外衣 goat 山羊近义词：ship短语：a dragon boat 龙舟 row a boat 划船 by boat 乘小船,boat 尤指小船,如用浆划行的船、帆船或小机动船 I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all.我仅仅对坐在小船里什么事也不做感兴趣.ship 尤指航海的大船,如大帆船,轮船,战船等.ship 能用于比喻,可以用于文学语言 The ship is going under the br
12、idge.那艘大船正在大桥下面行驶.Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of travelling on a ship.相对地讲很少有人肯牺牲三分之一的假日,来换取船上旅行的快乐.,boat ship,be in the same boatto be in the same difficult situation 处于同样的困境,5.plan pln n. 计划; 打算; 平面图; 示意图;vt.过去分词: planned 复数: pla
13、ns 过去式: planned 现在分词: planning 第三人称单数: plans,plan N. A.INTENTION 意图 (for sth) | (to do sth) something that you intend to do or achieve 计划；打算Do you have any plans for the summer?这个夏天你有什么打算？There are no plans to build new offices.现在没有建新办公楼的计划。Your best plan (= the best thing to do) would be to go by c
14、ar.你开车去是上策。Theres been a change of plan .计划作了变动。We cant change our plans now.我们现在不能改变计划了。,B.ARRANGEMENT 安排 (for sth) | (to do sth) a set of things to do in order to achieve sth, especially one that has been considered in detail in advance （详细）规划，方案；精心安排Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keepin
15、g the peace.双方都同意维护和平的详细方案。The government has announced plans to create one million new training places.政府已经宣布开设一百万个新培训名额的计划。a development/business/peace, etc. plan发展计划、营业规划、和平规划等a five-point plan五点规划a three-year plan三年计划,C.MAP 地图a detailed map of a building, town, etc. （建筑、城镇等的）详图a plan of the muse
16、um博物馆详图a street plan of the city城市街道详图,plan V.A.MAKE ARRANGEMENTS 安排 (sth) (for sth) to make detailed arrangements for sth you want to do in the future 精心安排；计划；谋划动词 + 名词短语to plan a trip计划一次旅行A meeting has been planned for early next year.会议计划明年年初召开。Everything went exactly as planned .一切都严格地按计划进行。We
17、planned the day down to the last detail.我们极为详细地安排了这一天的日程。,单独使用的动词to plan for the future规划未来动词 + wh-从句Ive been planning how Im going to spend the day.我一直在筹划怎样度过这一天。动词 (+ that从句)They planned that the two routes would connect.他们计划让两条路接上。,B.INTEND/EXPECT 意欲；期待 (on sth/on doing sth) to intend or expect t
18、o do sth 打算；期待单独使用的动词We hadnt planned on going anywhere this evening.我们今晚没打算外出。动词 + 带to的不定式They plan to arrive some time after three.他们预计在三点钟以后到达。动词 + 名词短语Were planning a trip to France in the springare you interested?我们打算春天去法国旅游。你有意去吗？,C.DESIGN 设计动词 + 名词短语 to make a design or an outline for sth 设计；
19、安排；组织；策划to plan an essay/a garden构思一篇文章；设计一个花园a well-planned campaign一场精心策划的宣传活动,plan sthoutto plan carefully and in detail sth that you are going to do in the future 精心安排；筹划Plan out your route before you go.出发前要仔细设计你的路线。She has her career all planned out.她对自己的前途事业已作了精心规划。,6.tomorrow tmr adv. 在明天，在明
20、日;n. 明天; 最近，不远的将来;复数: tomorrows短语：the day after tomorrow 后天联想：yesterday，today,do sth as if/like theres no tomorrowto do sth a lot or as though you do not care what effects it will have 不顾后果地一个劲I ate as if there was no tomorrow.我狼吞虎咽地吃着。She spends money like theres no tomorrow.她拼命花钱，就像过了今天没有明天似的。,7.b
21、uildbld vt. 建造，构筑; 建立; 开发; 为建立基础;vi. 建造，营造; 扩大，扩展; 发展，达到;n. 体格，构造; 俚优美的体型，肉体美;过去分词: built 过去式: built 现在分词: building 第三人称单数: builds派生词：builder 建筑工人, sth (of/in/from sth) | sth (for sb) | sb sth to make sth, especially a building, by putting parts together 建筑；建造动词 + 名词短语They have permission to build 2
22、00 new houses.他们得到建200座新房的许可。Robins build nests almost anywhere.知更鸟几乎随处筑巢。a house built of stone用石头建造的房子They had a house built for them.他们让人给他们建了一栋房子。,动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语David built us a shed in the back yard.戴维帮我们在后院搭了个棚子。单独使用的动词Theyre going to build on the site of the old power station.他们要在老发电站那里盖房子。
23、,动词 + 名词短语 to create or develop sth 创建；开发Shes built a new career for herself.她为自己开辟了一条新的谋生之路。We want to build a better life.我们想创造更美好的生活。This information will help us build a picture of his attacker.这条信息将有助于描画出袭击他的人的相貌。,单独使用的动词 (of a feeling 感觉) to become gradually stronger 逐渐增强The tension and excite
24、ment built gradually all day.整个一天中，紧张与兴奋的气氛越来越浓。,1. build sb sth 为某人建(做)某物。如：They built me a house. 他们为我建了一座房子。His father built him a model plane. 他父亲给他做了一架模型飞机。注：该句型也可改为 built sth for sb, 如以上各句也可说成:They built a house for me.His father built a model plane for him.,2. build sth into sth(1) 把某物建在另一物里面
25、。如：He built a bookcase into the wall. 他在墙里建了个书橱。注：该结构中的介词 into 也可换成 in。(2) 将某事物加入另一事物中(尤指把条款写入合同等)。如：We built an extra clause into the contract. 我们把一项额外条款写入了合同中。(3) 把某物建设成另一物。如：Were working hard to build China into a prosperous powerful socialist country. 我们正在努力工作，把中国建设成为一个繁荣富强的社会主义国家。注：有时用于人。如：He h
26、as built his boys into men. 他已把自己的孩子培养成大人。,3. be built of 由建成。如：All the houses there were built of wood. 那里所有的房子都是用木头盖的。4. build sth on sth(1) 将一事物作为另一事物的基础。如：The engine is built on a new principle. 这种发动机是根据一种新的原理制造出来的。(2) 指望，依靠，把寄托于。如：You can build on his honesty. 你可以信赖他的诚实可靠。Dont build too many ho
27、pes on upon his promises. 不要对他的承诺抱太多的希望。注：该结构中的介词 on 有时也可用 upon。,5. build sth out of sth 用某物做(建)成另一物。如：Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟用细树枝筑巢。They built me a model ship out of wood. 他们用木头为我做了一个船的模型。6. build up(1) 增强，加强，逐渐形式。如：The clouds are building up. 云层正在聚集起来。Exercise builds up the muscles
28、. 锻炼增强肌肉。Our pressure on the enemy is building up. 我们对敌人的压力正在逐渐加强。(2) 夸奖，吹捧。如：Dont build me up too much. 别把我夸得太过分了。,8.next nekst adj. 紧接在后的; 次于的; 贴近的; 紧邻的;adv. 接下去; 然后; 居后地; 依次的;n. 下一位; 下一个;prep. 靠近; 居于之后; 在的隔壁;短语：next year ，next SunadayThe next train to Beijing is at ten.,the next man, woman, perso
29、n, etc.the average person 平常人；一般的人I can enjoy a joke as well as the next man , but this is going too far.我和平常人一样喜欢开玩笑，可这太过分了。,9.swing sw vt.过去分词: swung 复数: swings 过去式: swung 现在分词: swinging 第三人称单数: swings,swing into actionto start doing sth quickly and with a lot of energy 立即行动起来；马上大干起来swing the lead
30、(old-fashioned,British English,informal) (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to pretend to be ill/sick when in fact you are not, especially to avoid work 装病偷懒I dont think theres anything wrong with hershes just swinging the lead.我认为她没有什么病，只不过是在装病偷懒而已。,swing by | swing by sth(North Amerc
31、ian English,informal) to visit a place or person for a short time 进某处一会儿；短暂拜访；看望某人一下drop byIll swing by your house on the way home from work.下班回家路过时我要到你家来一下。,get in/into the swing (of sth)(informal) to get used to an activity or a situation and become fully involved in it 熟悉（某种情况）；融入（某种活动或环境之中）go wi
32、th a swing(British English) (of a party or an activity 聚会或活动) to be lively and enjoyable 热闹有趣；气氛热烈(of music 音乐) to have a strong rhythm 有强劲的节奏,in full swinghaving reached a very lively level 在热烈进行中；处于兴盛阶段When we arrived the party was already in full swing.我们赶到时，聚会已进入高潮。,10.cry kra vt.过去分词: cried 过去式
33、: cried 现在分词: crying 第三人称单数: cries,cry v. (for sb/sth) | (about/over sth) to produce tears from your eyes because you are unhappy or hurt 哭；哭泣单独使用的动词Its all right. Dont cry.不要紧，别哭了。The baby was crying for (= because it wanted) its mother.婴儿哭着要妈妈。Theres nothing to cry about.没有什么值得哭的。He felt like cryi
34、ng with rage.他气得想哭。I just couldnt stop crying.我哭啊哭啊，怎么也止不住。,动词 + 名词短语I found him crying his eyes out (= crying very much) .我看他哭得很伤心。That night she cried herself to sleep .那天晚上她哭着哭着就睡着了。also 动词 + 直接引语 (for sth) to shout loudly 喊叫；呼喊；呼叫单独使用的动词She ran to the window and cried for help.她跑到窗口呼喊救命。,动词 + 直接
35、引语Youre safe! Tom cried in delight.“你安全啦！”汤姆高兴地大声说道。单独使用的动词 (of a bird or an animal 鸟或动物) to make a loud unpleasant noise 发出刺耳的叫声；嗥叫；吠Seagulls followed the boat, crying loudly.海鸥追随着那条船，高声鸣叫着。,cry over spilt milk(British English) (US cry over spilled milk) to waste time worrying about sth that has ha
36、ppened that you cannot do anything about 枉为无可挽回的事忧伤；作于事无补的担忧As the saying goes its no use crying over spilt milk .常言道：覆水难收，后悔也于事无补。,cry wolfto call for help when you do not need it, with the result that when you do need it people do not believe you 喊“狼来了”；谎报险情；发假警报cry off(British English,informal) t
37、o say that you cannot do sth that you promised to do 撤回前言；取消诺言；打退堂鼓She said she was coming to the party, but cried off at the last moment.她说过她要来参加聚会，可到时候又变卦了。,cry outto make a loud sound without words because you are hurt, afraid, surprised, etc. （因伤痛、害怕、惊讶等）大叫，叫喊She tried to stop herself from cryin
38、g out.她试图控制住自己不叫出声来。to cry out in fear/alarm/pain害怕 / 惊慌 / 疼痛得大叫起来,cry out/cry out sthto shout sth loudly 大声呼喊She cried out for help.她大声呼救。She cried out his name.她大声呼唤着他的名字。+ 直接引语Help! he cried out.“救命啊！”他大声呼叫着。,cry out for sth(usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to need sth very much 迫切
39、需要The company is crying out for fresh new talent.公司急需具有最新理念的人才。,cry n.可数名词 a loud sound without words that expresses a strong feeling （表达强烈感情的）叫喊，叫声to give a cry of anguish/despair/relief/surprise/terror, etc.发出痛苦、绝望、如释重负、惊讶、恐怖等的叫声可数名词 a loud shout 大喊；大叫；呼喊With a cry of Stop thief! he ran after the
40、boy.他一边喊 “抓贼啊！”一边追赶那男孩。Her answer was greeted with cries of outrage.她的回答引起了一片愤怒的吼叫。,可数名词 the sound made by a bird or an animal （鸟的）鸣叫，啼叫；（动物的）嗥叫，吠the cry of gulls circling overhead海鸥在头顶上盘旋着发出的鸣叫单数 an action or a period of crying 哭；一阵哭泣I felt a lot better after a good long cry.我痛痛快快哭了一场，好受多了。可数名词 (fo
41、r sth) an urgent demand or request for sth 迫切需要；恳求Her suicide attempt was really a cry for help .她企图自杀实际上表明她迫切需要帮助。可数名词 (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a word or phrase that expresses a groups beliefs and calls people to action 口号a battle cry战斗口号,in full crytalking or shouting loudly and in an en
42、thusiastic way 激情呐喊；大声疾呼The Leeds supporters were in full cry.利兹队的球迷在激情高昂地呐喊助威。,12.untilntl prep. 到为止; 在以前;conj. 到为止，在以前; 直到才;同义词：till形近词：still 仍然He will be here until Saturday.,till until 区别,till和until都表示“直到为止”，主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式;表示“直到才”时，主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。Go straight on until you come to the
43、 post office and then turn left. 一直向前走到邮局再向左转。 She wont go away till you promise to help her. 在你答应帮助她之前，她不会走的。 而他们之间的区别在于：1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。,2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。-Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？- Until
44、 next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1）Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(2) It is not until that It was not until yesterday that
45、I noticed it.直到昨天我才注意到这件事.,13.see a film 看电影,14.row a boat 划船,询问对方计划的句型What are you going to do.?What are you going to do this weekend?句型结构：问句：What are you going to do+(其他)？ 答句：Im/Were going to +动词原形+（其他）此句型是由what引导的特殊疑问句，用来询问对方计划be going to意为“将要，打算”，be随主语人称和数的变化而变化问句中的do还可以换成其他动词原形，如see，play，make等W
46、hat are you going to do this weekend,Nancy?Im going to buy some books.,询问他人计划的句型以及答语问句：What is he/she/人名/称呼语+going to do（+其他）？答语：He/She is going to+动词原形+（其他）What is your father going to do tomorrow?He is going to see my grandma.问句：What are they going to do（+其他）？答语：They are going to+动词原形+（其他）What are
47、 they going to do next week?They are going to take a tirp.,journey，voyage，trip，tour，travel的辨析,1.journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如：ItookajourneyfromBeijingtoShanghailastyear.-Howlongisyourjourneytoschool?-Onlyabout10minutes.2.voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如：
48、Sheusuallygetsseasickduringthevoyage.Theymadeavoyageacrosstheseabyair.,3.trip一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。例如：Wemadeaboattriptotheislandlastweekandhadagoodtime.Iwillbeonatripto/journeytothesouthnextsummerholiday.4.tour着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如：Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.Myfatherhasgonedown-townonashoppingtour.,
