1、1教育硕士备考之心理学名词中英文对照感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory 短期记忆（STM）short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）long-term memory 复诵-rehearsal预示(激发)-priming 童年失忆症-childhood amnesia视觉编码（表征）-visual code (representation) 听觉编码acoustic code运作记忆-working memory 语意性知识semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure 竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自我终止式扫瞄s
2、elf-terminated scanning 程序性知识procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识-propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识episodic K. 讯息处理深度depth of processing精致化处理elaboration 登录特殊性coding specificity记忆术mnemonic 位置记忆法method of loci字钩法peg word （线）探索（测）( 激发)字prime关键词-key word 命题思考-propositional thought 心像思考-imaginal thou
3、ght 行动思考-motoric thought概念-concept原型-prototype 属性-property 特征-feature范例策略-exemplar strategy 语言相对性（假说） linguistic relativity th.音素-phoneme 词素-morpheme(字词的) 外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning （句子的）表层与深层结构surface & deep structure语意分析法-semantic differential 全句语言holophrastic speech过度延伸-over-extensio
4、n 电报式语言telegraphic speech关键期-critical period 差异减缩法-difference reduction方法目的分析-means-ends analysis 倒推-working backward动机-motive 自由意志 -free will决定论-determinism 本能-instinct种属特有行为-species specific 驱力-drive诱因-incentive 驱力减低说-drive reduction theory恒定状态（作用）homeostasis 原级与次级动机primary & secondary M.功能独立funct
5、ional autonomy 下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说-fat-cell theory 下视丘腹中部（VMH ）ventromedial H定点论-set point theory. CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征-primary sex characteristic 第二性征-secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy 内在（发）动机intrinsic motive外在（衍）动机extrinsic motive 成就需求 -N. achievement需求层级hierarch
6、y of needs 自我实现 -self actualization冲突-conflict 多项仪-polygraph肤电反应-GSR (认知)评估-(cognitive appraisal 脸部回馈假说-facial feedback hypothesis (生理)激发-arousal挫折-攻击假说-frustration-aggression hypothesis 替代学习 -vicarious learning发展-development 先天-nature 2后天-nurture 成熟-maturation(视觉)偏好法-preferential method习惯法-habituat
7、ion 视觉悬崖 -visual cliff剥夺或丰富(环境)-deprivation or enrichment of env. 基模-schema同化-assimilation 调适-accommodation平衡-equilibrium 传承-generativity 感觉动作期-sensorimotor stage 物体永久性-objective permanence运思前期-preoperational st. 保留概念-conservation道德现实主义-moral realism 具体运思期-concrete operational形式运思期-formal operationa
8、l st. 前俗例道德-pre-conventional moral俗例道德-conventional moral 超俗例道德 -post-conventional moral气质-temperament 依附-attachment性别认定-gender identity 性别配合-sex typing性蕾期-phallic stage 性别恒定-gender constancy恋亲冲突Oedipal conflict 认同-identification社会学习-social learning 情结-complex青年期-adolescence 青春期- -puberty第二性征-second
9、ary sex characteristics 认同危机 -identity crisis定向统合-identity achievement 早闭型统合-foreclosure未定型统合-moratorium 迷失型统合-identity diffusion心理动力-psycho-dynamics 心理分析-psychoanalysis行为论-behaviorism 心理生物观 -psycho-biological perspective认知-cognition 临床心理学家 -clinical psychologist谘商-counseling 人因工程-human factor engin
10、eering组织-organization 潜意识-unconsciousness完形心理学-Gestalt psychology 感觉-sensation知觉-perception 实验法-experimental method独变项-independent variable 依变项-dependent V.控制变项-control V. 生理-physiology条件化-conditioning 学习-learning比较心理学-comparative psy. 发展-development社会心理学-social psy. 人格-personality心理计量学psychometrics
11、 受试( 者)-subject实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect双盲法-double blind 实地实验 -field experiment相关-correlation 调查-survey访谈-interview 个案研究-case study观察-observation 心理测验-psychological test纹理递变度-texture gradient 注意-attention物体的组群-grouping of object 型态辨识pattern recognition形象-背景-figure-ground 接近律-proximity相似律
12、-similarity 闭合律-closure连续律-continuity 对称律-symmetry错觉-illusion 幻觉-delusion3恒常性-constancy 大小-size形状-shape 位置 - location单眼线索-monocular cue 线性透视-linear- perspective双眼线索-binocular cue 深度-depth调节作用-accommodation 重迭-superposition双眼融合-binocular fusion 辐辏作用-convergence双眼像差-binocular disparity 向度 - dimension自
13、动效应-auto-kinetic effect 运动视差- motion parallax诱发运动- induced motion 闪光运动- stroboscopic motion上下文脉络-context 人工智能 -artificial intelligence A.I.脉络关系作用-context effect 模板匹配-template matching整合分析法-analysis-by-synthesis 丰富性-redundancy选择性-selective 无意识的推论-unconscious inferences运动后效-motion aftereffect 特征侦测器fea
14、ture detector激发性-excitatory 抑制性-inhibitory几何子-geons 由上而下处理up-down process由下而上处理-bottom-up process 连结者模式-connectionist model联结失识症-associative agnosia 脸孔辨识困难症-prosopagnosia意识-conscious（ness） 识改变状态-altered states of consciousness无意识-unconsciousness 前意识-preconsciousness内省法-introspection 边缘注意-peripheral
15、attention多重人格-multiple personality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程-automatic process 解离-dissociate 解离认同失常-dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠-REM dream 非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的梦-lucid dreaming 失眠-insomnia显性与隐性梦-manifest & latern content 心理活动性 psychoactive 冥想-meditation 抗药性- toleran
16、ce 戒断-withdrawal感觉剥夺-sensory deprivation 物质滥用-substance abuse成瘾-physical addiction 物质依赖-sub. dependence戒断症状-withdrawal symptom 兴奋剂-stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂-hallucinogen 镇定剂-sedative抑制剂depressant 酒精中毒引起谵妄 delirium tremens麻醉剂-narcotic 催眠-hypnosis催眠后暗示-posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失忆 posthypnotic amnesia超心理学-par
17、apsychology 超感知觉 extrasensory perception ESP心电感应-telepathy 超感视-clairvoyance 预知-precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK 受纳器-receptor绝对阈-absolute threshold 差异阈-difference threshold恰辨差- -JND4韦伯律-Webers law 心理物理 -psychophysical费雪纳定律-Fechners law 频率-frequency振幅-amplitude 音频-pitch 基音-fundamental tone 倍音-overtone
18、和谐音-harmonic 音色-timbre白色噪音-white noise 鼓膜-eardrum耳蜗-cochlea 卵形窗oval window圆形窗-round window 前庭-vestibular sacs半规管-semicircular canals 角膜-cornea水晶体-lens 虹膜-iris瞳孔-pupil 网膜-retina睫状肌-ciliary muscle 调节作用-accommodation脊髓-spinal cord 反射弧-reflex arc脑干-brain stem 计算机轴性线断层扫描- CAT 或 CTPET-正子放射断层摄影 MRI-磁共振显影延脑
19、-medulla 桥脑-pons 小脑-cerebellum网状结构-reticular formation RAS-网状活化系统视丘-thalamus 下视丘-hypothalamus大脑-cerebrum 脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland脑半球-cerebral hemisphere 皮质-cortex胼胝体-corpus callosum 边缘系统-limbic system海马体-hippocampus 杏仁核-amygdala中央沟-central fissure 侧沟-lateral fissure脑叶-lobe 同卵双生子-identical twins异卵双生子
20、fraternal twins古典制约-classical conditioning 操作制约-operant conditioning非制约刺激(US unconditioned stimulus 非制约反应(UR)unconditioned R.制约刺激-(CS) conditioned S. 制约反应-(CR)conditioned R.习(获)得-acquisition 增强作用 -reinforcement消除(弱)-extinction 自( 发性)然恢复-spontaneous recovery前行制约forward conditioning 同时制约-simultaneous
21、conditioning回溯制约-backward cond. 痕迹制约 trace conditioning延宕制约delay conditioning 类化(梯度)-generalization (gradient)区辨-discrimination (次级) 增强物-(secondary) reinforcer嫌恶刺激-aversive stimulus 试误学习-trial and error learning效果率-law of effect 正( 负)性增强物positive (negative) rei. 行为塑造behavior shaping 循序渐进-successive
22、approximation自行塑造autoshaping 部分( 连续) 增强partial (continuous)R定比(时) 时制fixed ratio (interval) schedule FR 或 FI变化比率(时距)时制variable ratio (interval) schedule VR 或 VI逃离反应-escape R. 回避反应avoidance response习得无助-learned helplessness 顿悟-insight学习心向learning set 隐内( 潜在)学习-latent learning认知地图-cognitive map 生理回馈-bi
23、ofeedback5敏感递减法-systematic desensitization 普里迈克原则Premacks principle洪水法-flooding 观察学习-observational learning动物行为学-ethology 敏感化sensitization习惯化-habituation) 联结-association 认知学习-cognitional L. 观察学习-observational L.登录编码-encoding 保留储存-retention提取-retrieval 回忆-(free recall全现心像照相式记忆-eidetic imageryphotogra
24、phic memory舌尖现象（TOT）tip of tongue 再认-recognition再学习-relearning 节省分数-savings外显与内隐记忆-explicit & implicit memory 记忆广度-memory span 组集-chunk序列位置效应-serial position effect 起始效应-primacy effect新近效应-recency effect 凝固理论consolidation心(情)境依赖学习-state-dependent L. 无意义音节nonsense syllable顺向干扰-proactive interference 逆向干扰-retroactive interference闪光灯记忆-flashbulb memory 动机性遗忘 -motivated forgetting器质性失忆症organic amnesia 阿兹海默症-Alzheimer“s disease近事（顺向）失忆症anterograde amnesia 旧事（逆向）失忆 retrograde A.高沙可夫症候群korsakoff“s syndrome
