1、BULLETIN 501-001Section: 501Effective: December 2005Replaces: May 2005PositiveDisplacementPumps andOil-Free GasCompressorsFor Liquefied GasApplicationsMilitary Marine Chemical Industrial Sanitary Energy TransportBlackmer Liquefied Gas Pumps unloading of LP gas fromrail cars, and other installations
2、that require aninitial lift to the liquid.How liquid transfer is accomplishedWhen transferring liquid, a compressor creates aslight pressure differential between the vessel beingunloaded and the receiving tank. The suction strokeof the compressor piston draws in vapor and decreasesthe receiving tank
3、 pressure. The discharge stroke movesa measured volume of vapor at a higher pressure intothe supply tank where it displaces an equal volume ofliquid through a separate line into the receiving tank.Generally, the liquid flow rate will be 5 to 6 U.S. gpmfor each cubic foot (ft3) of piston displacement
4、(670 - 775 liters per cubic meter m3).Gas compressors for vapor recoveryWhen the liquid transfer phase has been completed,a significant amount of product (vapor and liquid) is left in the tank car (often 3% or more of the tankscapacity). Recovery of product with a compressoris a simple operation, an
5、d thus a compressor canquickly pay for itself.How vapor recovery is accomplishedVapor recovery is accomplished with the use ofa four-way valve. By rotating the valve handle 90,gas flow is reversed and the vapor pressure withinthe supply vessel is reduced. At this point, remainingliquid vaporizes and
6、 is quickly recovered. As thetank pressure is drawn down further, remainingvapors are also recovered to an economical level.Recovered vapor is discharged into the liquid areaof the receiving tank and then condensed back intoa liquid state.Propane Vapor RecoveryThe chart and graph illustrate typical
7、volumes of liquid that may be recovered at various pressures and operating times, based on a 33,000 U.S. water galloncapacity (124,915 liters) tank car using a Blackmer LB361 gas compressor with36 CFM (60.3 m3/h piston displacement).For example, when the liquid transfer phase of unloading is complet
8、ed, thevapor pressure reads 150 psig (10.34 Bar gauge). At this condition, there wouldbe approximately 1,315U.S. gallons (4,978 liters)of LP gas in vapor formremaining in the tank car.Of this amount, 845 U.S.gallons (3,199 liters) can beeconomically recovered inless than three hours.Volume Recovered
9、 From 33,000 U.S. Gallon Tank (124,915 Liters)Overall efficiency of plant piping may improve or detrimentally affect compressor performance.All figures are approximate and rounded off for easy reading.Additional information for liquefied gases other than propane is available: consult your Blackmer r
10、epresentative.Beginning TankPressureTotal Product 1(In Vapor Form)Economically Recoverable Product 2PSIG Bar U.S. Gals. Liters U.S. Gals. Liters200 13.79 1,650 6,246 1,153 4,365175 12.07 1,485 5,621 969 3,668150 10.34 1,315 4,978 845 3,199125 8.62 1,137 4,304 713 2,699100 6.89 953 3,607 580 2,19675
11、5.17 760 2,877 441 1,66950 3.45 561 2,124 419 1,5861,153 (43.65)419 (15.86)580 (21.90)845 (31.99)0HOURS01251007550251501752000108642121412345TANK PRESSURE PSITANK PRESSURE BAR1 Physical properties are based on N.F.P.A. 58 data for commercial propane. Vapor pressure 205 psig (14.13 Bar) 100F (37.8C).
12、2 Economically recoverable product is based on reduction of tank pressure to 25% of original value. Residual liquid not included.Note: A different size tank will have a proportional relationship to the values shown above. For example, a 10,000 U.S. gallon (27,850 liters) tank would represent 30.3% o
13、f the values given.Tank car vapor recovery system12Design FeaturesHigh efficiency valves move more gas volumeThe heart of any compressor is its valve assembly andBlackmer valves are specificallydesigned for non-lubricated gas applications. With preciselyengineered clearances, springtension, and a sp
14、ecial finish,these valves seat more positivelyso more gas is moved with eachpiston stroke. Blackmer valvesoffer greater strength, quietoperation, and long life.O-Ring seals - head and cylinderThe head and cylinder aresealed with O-rings to ensurepositive sealing under all operating conditions.Pressu
15、re assisted piston rings for positive seatingConstructed of self-lubricating PTFE, Blackmers special ringdesign provides maximumsealing efficiency with minimalfriction wear. The result: peakperformance and extendedcompressor service life.Heavy-duty crankshaftThe ductile iron crankshaft is precision
16、ground with integral counterweights forsmooth, quiet operation. Rifle drilling ensures positive oil distribution to the wrist pinand connecting rod bearings.Pressure lubricated crankcaseA rotary oil pump provides positive oil distribution to allrunning gear components forlong life and minimal wear.1
17、3Ductile iron pistonsHeavy-duty ductile iron pistons areconnected with a single positivelocking nut which eliminates potentialproblems associated with morecomplex designs.LB361 cutawaySelf-adjusting piston rod sealsCrankcase oil contamination andcylinder blow-by is prevented withloaded glass-filled
18、PTFE seals whichmaintain a constant sealing pressurearound the piston rods.Ductile ironconstructionAll pressure parts areof ductile iron forgreater resistance toboth thermal andmechanical shock.Wear-resistant crosshead assembliesDesigned for maximum lubricationand wear resistance.Compressor Selectio
19、n DataTo select a compressor that best fitsyour application requirements, usethe charts shown. The data providedis based on approximate deliveryrates when handling propaneor anhydrous ammonia. Actualcapacities will depend upon linerestrictions, size and length ofpiping. Horsepower requirementsfor bo
20、th liquid transfer and vaporrecovery applications are basedon moderate climatic conditions.ModelSpeedApproximate LiquidTransfer Delivery1Piston Displacement Driver Size2Pipe Diameter3Vapor LiquidRPM U.S. GPM LPM CFM M3/H HP KW in. mm in. mmLB161LB162425* 49 186 8.5 14.4 3 21 252 50560 65 246 11.2 19
21、.0 5 4715* 83 314 14.3 24.3 5 4114 32780 90 341 15.6 26.5 7.5 6825* 95 360 16.5 28.0 7.5 6LB361LB362495* 123 466 21.3 36.2 7.5 6212 65540 134 507 23.2 39.5 10 7650* 161 609 28.0 47.5 10 7112 - 2 38-50 3 80780 194 734 33.5 57.0 15 11825* 205 776 35.5 60.3 15 11LB601LB602550 245 927 42.4 72.0 15 112 -
22、 212 50-65 4 100640 285 1,079 49.3 83.7 20 15735* 327 1,238 56.6 96.2 20 15790* 351 1,329 60.8 103.4 25 19LB942470 400 1,514 70 119 25 193 - 4 76-102 6 152565 480 1,817 84 143 30 22750 640 2,422 112 190 40 30825 700 2,650 123 209 50 37Compressor ModelLB161LB162LB361LB362LB601LB602LB942Bore - Inches
23、(mm)3.0(76.2)4.0(101.6)4.625(117.4)4.625*(117.4)Stroke - Inches (mm)2.5(63.5)3.0(76.2)4.0(101.6)4.0(101.6)Piston Displacement CFM (m3/h) 100 rpm 825 rpm2.0(3.4)16.5(28.0)4.3(7.3)35.5(60.3)7.7(13.1)63.5(107.9)14.9(25.38)123(209)Compressor SpeedMinimum rpmMaximum rpm350825350825350825350825Maximum Wor
24、kingPressure - psia (Bar)350(24.13)350(24.13)350(24.13)350(24.13)Maximum BrakeHorsepower (kw)7.5(6)15(11)30(22)50(37)Max. DischargeTemperature F (C)350(177)350(177)350(177)350(177)Max. Compression Ratio1Continuous Duty 2Intermittent Duty 259595959* Maximum rpm for each respective motor horsepower.1
25、Delivery will depend on proper system design, pipe sizing and valve capacity.2 Horsepower is for liquid transfer and vapor recovery in moderate climates. For liquid transfer without vapor recovery, horsepower will be lower. For severe climates, contact your Blackmer representative for horsepower req
26、uired. 3 Use next larger pipe size if piping exceeds 100 feet (30 meters).Engineering SpecificationsCompressor Selection Data: Propane and Anhydrous Ammonia* Double acting1 Compression Ratio defined as absolute discharge pressure divided byabsolute inlet pressure.2 Compression Ratios are limited by
27、discharge temperature. High compressionratios can create excessive heat, i.e., over 350F (117C). The duty cycle mustprovide for adequate cooling time between periods of operation to preventexcessive operating temperature.LB601LB361LU14Multiple Seal OptionsFor applications that require maximum leakag
28、e control,double piston rod seals and a distance piece chamber areavailable for all Blackmer LB compressors.Blackmer also offers a line of singe and two-stage industrialgas compressors with double or triple piston rod seals andair or water cooling. Consult your Blackmer representativefor more inform
29、ation and specifications.Optional AccessoriesMotors: Standard voltage and sizes in stock.Motor slide rails: Offer easy adjustment for standardmotor frame sizes.Engines: Diesel, propane or gasoline fueled enginesavailable.Liquid traps: Standard liquid traps have amechanical float to protect the compr
30、essor bypreventing liquid from entering. These trapsmay be fitted with an electric float switch tosound an alarm or stop the compressor in theevent of high liquid level. Larger traps withASME code construction and one or twoelectric float switches are also available.Vapor strainer assembly: Features
31、 a 30-meshreplaceable stainless steel screen and ductileiron body.Four-way valve: Four-way valvesallow easy switching from liquidtransfer to vapor recovery operationby reversing the system flow direction.Standard valves are ductile iron with ahandle and easy-to-read flow direction indicator.Valves w
32、ith electric or pneumatic actuation are availableif remote operation is desired.Pressure gauges: Standard 14-inch NPTliquid-filled for head mounting.Extended crankshaft: For direct drive mounting,or V-belt drive applications.Base plates: Formed steel or fabricated skid type.Belt guards: Heavy-duty 1
33、4-gauge steel, stainless steelor non-sparking aluminum construction.Standard Compressor PackagesBlackmer offers a variety of factory assembled compressorpackages to fit most application requirements. Standardbase mounted units are available in the following styles:CO - COMPRESSOR ONLY Includes basic
34、 compressor with flywheel.B - BASE MOUNTED UNIT Includes compressor, pressuregauges, formed steel base, V-belt drive with belt guard, andadjustable motor base, less motor.E - EXTENDED SHAFT Includes compressor with flywheel andextended crankshaft.TU - TRANSFER UNIT Includes compressor, pressure gaug
35、es,formed steel base, liquid trap assembly with a mechanicalfloat, V-belt drive with belt guard, and adjustable motor base,less motor.TC or TW - TRANSFER UNIT Includes compressor, pressuregauges, formed steel base, ASME code stamped liquid trapassembly (complete with relief valve and a NEMA 7 electr
36、icfloat switch for Propane service), V-belt drive with belt guard,and adjustable motor slide base.LU - LIQUID TRANSFER/VAPOR RECOVERY UNIT Includes compressor, pressure gauges, formed steel base, liquidtrap assembly with a mechanical float, inlet strainer,interconnecting piping, 4-way valve, V-belt
37、drive withbelt guard, and adjustable motor base, less motor.LC or LW - LIQUID TRANSFER/VAPOR RECOVERY UNITIncludes compressor, pressure gauges, steel base, ASME codestamped liquid trap assembly (complete with relief valve anda NEMA 7 electric float switch for Propane service), inletstrainer, interco
38、nnecting piping, 4-way valve, V-belt drivewith belt guard, and adjustable motor base, less motor.All Compressor models are available with or without motorsor accessories. Special engine drives, control panels andcustom emergency evacuation units can be furnished ona special order basis.V-Belt DriveD
39、irect DriveBlackmer compressors can also be mounted on transports withdirect drive or V-belt drive, as shown below.15Custom engineered LPG transfercompressor World Headquarters1809 Century Avenue SWGrand Rapids, MI 49503-1530 USAT 616.241.1611 F 616.241.3752European HeadquartersZl Plaine des Isles,
40、2 rue des Caillottes89000 Auxerre, FRANCET +33.3.86.49.86.30 F +33.3.86.46.42.10Printed in USA 12/05-2M 2005 BlackmerDistributed by:Bypass Valves Precise, On-Line Pressure ProtectionBlackmer differential bypass valves are designed toprotect pumps and system components from excessivepressure damage,
41、and no LP gas pump installation iscomplete without one. Blackmer offers five differentmodels that provide full-flow pressure control to 250U.S. gpm (946 lpm) at 120 psid (8.27 Bar). Installationis easy with NPT tapped ports in sizes from 34“ to 2“.All models are suitable for both LP gas and anhydrou
42、sammonia service.Technical AssistanceIn some applications, selecting the right pump orcompressor may require more detailed informationthan can be presented in this bulletin. Your Blackmerrepresentative can help you find the correct equipmentto ensure the best performance possible for yourspecific ap
43、plication.If you have a unique gas or fluid handling problem,please contact Blackmer at the telephone or faxnumber listed below.In operation, Blackmer valves provide exceptionallyclose pressure control, even under widely varyingbypass flow conditions. The performance curve inFigure 4 below shows how
44、 a Blackmer valve maintainsa virtually constant pressure of 100 psi (6.89 Bar) evenas the volume being bypassed rises from 10 gpm to100 gpm (38-378 lpm). Although the curve is that ofa BV112“ valve, the precision it demonstrates is typicalof any Blackmer valve.Blackmer bypass valves have no small, e
45、asily plugged,sensing passages; and with only two moving parts,their operation is simple and reliable. They openprecisely at the preset spring pressure, and they closesmoothly and quietly, thanks to a patented dash-potdesign. As shown in Figure 5, a small chamber inthe valve stem fills with liquid w
46、hen the valve opens.This liquid then provides a hydraulic cushionpreventing the valve from slamming shut if pressureis suddenly released. It also minimizes chatter andvalve seat wear when pressures hover around thecrucial limit.Model BV34 (ports are 34-inch NPT tapped)Model BV1 (ports are 1-inch NPT
47、 tapped)These models are commonly used for cylinder-filling system. Either valve can be usedwith 1 14 or 1 12-inch Blackmer pump models.Model BV1 14 (ports are 1 14-inch NPT tapped)Model BV1 12 (ports are 1 12-inch NPT tapped)These models are normally used for bobtail trucks and smaller bulk plant s
48、ystems.Either valve can be used with 2 or 3-inch Blackmer pump models. Both valves areavailable with optional springs for use with the LGL 158 or LGLH2.Model BV2 (ports have 2-inch NPT companion flanges)The BV2 model is widely used for transports or larger bulk plant systems. It is recommended for u
49、se with 3 and 4-inch Blackmer pump models.90 95 100 1050255075100125BYPASS FLOW (GPM)DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SETTING (PSI)ModelMaximum Rated Flow* - GPM (LPM) 20 PSI(1.38 Bar)50 PSI(3.45 Bar)80 PSI(5.52 Bar)120 PSI(8.27 Bar)BV125(95)40(151)50(189)60(227)BV11260(227)80(303)100(379)125(473)BV2150(568)180(681)220(833)250(946)BV34 /BV1 BV2 cutawayBV2Selection GuideFIGURE 4. Bypass volume/pressurecurve BV1 12Maximum flow-through valveDash-pot chamber cushionsclosing of valveFIGURE 5. Bypass valveoperation*Normal maximum bypass flow
